The Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral Commission and others

The Council on Foreign Relations
And the Trilateral Commission
________________________
The two organizations that run the United States
by Melvin Sickler
______________

There are two groups of elite men and women in particular that most American people do not know about, but which are a clear threat and danger to the freedom of the American people. These are the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and the Trilateral Commission.

Right now the United States is completely under the control of those who run these two organizations (David Rockefeller in particular). It is therefore important to understand these organizations if we wish to understand what has been taking place in the United States since the early 1900’s.

The resource material I am using that explains in depth what these two organizations are all about was written by Jack Newell and Devvy Kidd ("Why A Bankrupt America?", Project Liberty, P.O. Box 741075, Arvada, CO 80006-9075). Please allow me to share the main ideas with you.

Edward Mandell House
The Council on Foreign Relations was founded in 1921 by Edward Mandell House, who had been the chief advisor of President Woodrow Wilson. Actually, he was more than just a prominent aide of the President; he dominated the President. He was referred to as Wilson’s "alter ego" (other self), and was credited for being the most powerful individual in the United States during the Wilson Administration from 1913 until 1921.

House was a Marxist whose goal was to socialize the United States. In 1912, House wrote the book "Philip Dru: Administrator" in which he stated that he was working for "Socialism as dreamed of by Karl Marx." In this book, House laid out a plan for the conquest of America, telling how both the Democratic and Republican Parties would be controlled, and be used as instruments in the creation of a socialistic government. And he asked for the establishment of a state-controlled central bank, which were both proposed in "The Communist Manifesto". And it was in 1913, during the very first year of the House-dominated Wilson Administration, that both of these proposals became law. The Federal Reserve Act was passed, which brought into power a private central bank to create the money of the United States, taking this power away from the united States Congress. And the 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution, the graduated income tax as proposed by Karl Marx, was also ratified.


The Council on Foreign Relations

In 1921, House and his friends formed the Council on Foreign Relations whose purpose right from its conception was to destroy the freedom and independence of the United States, and to lead the country into a one-world government.

Right from its beginning, in 1921, the CFR began to attract men of power and influence. In the late 1920’s, important financing for the CFR came from the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Foundation. In 1940, at the invitation of President Roosevelt, members of the CFR gained domination over the State Department, and they have maintained this domination ever since.

Its intentions
The late Carroll Quigley (Bill Clinton’s mentor), Professor of History at Georgetown University, member of the CFR, stated in his book,
"Tragedy & Hope":
"The CFR is the American Branch of a society which originated in England, and which believes that national boundaries should be obliterated, and a one-world rule established."

Rear Admiral Chester Ward, a former member of the Cfr for 16 years, warned the American people of the organization’s intentions:
"The most powerful clique in these elitist groups have one objective in common — they want to bring about the surrender of the sovereingty of the national independence of the United States. A second clique of international members in the CFR comprises the Wall Street international bankers and their key agents. Primarily, they want the world banking monopoly from whatever power ends up in the control of global government."

And Dan Smoot, a former member of the FBI Headquarters staff in Washington, D.C., summarized the organization’s purpose as follows:
"The ultimate aim of the CFR is to create a one-world socialist system, and to make the U.S. an official part of it."
In other words, the CFR’s activities are treasonous to the U.S. Constitution. Their goal is to put an end to the United States of America, and to make the country a part of their global government scheme.
Its influence

In 1944 and in 1948, the Republican candidate for President, Thomas Dewey, was a CFR member. In later years, Republicans Eisenhower and Nixon were members of the CFR, as were Democrats Stevenson, Kennedy, Humphrey, and McGovern. (Note: We believe Kennedy became disloyal to the CFR prior to his assassination.") The American people think that they have a choice when they vote for a President, but the truth of the matter is , with few exceptions: Presidential candidates for decades have been CFR members.

In one of the CFR’s annual reports, published in 1978, it listed a membership of 1878 members. Eleven of its members at this time were United States Senators, with even more Congressmen belonging to the organization. 284 of its members listed in this report were United States Government officials. And the Chairman of the Board of this immensely powerful pyramid was stated as being none other than David Rockefeller himself.

The CFR not only has its members in the United States Government, but its influence has also spead to other vital areas of American life. According to Newell: "Its members have run, or are running, NBC and CBS, ‘The New York Times’, ‘The Washington Post’, ‘The Des Moines Register’, and many other important newspapers. The leaders of ‘Time’, ‘Newsweek’, ‘Fortune’, ‘Business Week’, and numerous other publications are CFR members. The organization’s members also dominate the academic world, top corporations, the huge tax-exempt foundations, labor unions, the military, and just about every segment of American life."

Barry Goldwater states in his book, "With No Apologies", on page 231:
"Does it not seem strange to you that these men just happened to be CFR and just happened to be on the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, that absolutely controls the money and interest rates of this great country without benefit of Congress? A privately owned organization, the Federal Reserve, which has absolutely nothing to do with the United States of America!"
and Newell continues to write: "Not every member of the CFR is fully committed to carrying out Edward Mandell House’s conspiratorial plan. Many have been flattered by an invitation to join a study group, which is what the CFR calls itself. Others go along because of personal benefits, such as a nice job and a new importance. But all are used to promote the destruction of U.S. sovereignty."

All aspects of American life are dominated
The members of the CFR dominate almost every aspect of American life, yet most Americans have never even heard of the Council on Foreign Relations. One reason for this is probably because there are over 170 journalists, correspondents, and communications executives who are members of the CFR, and who do not write about the organization. Also, it is an express condition of membership that no one is to disclose what goes on at CFR meetings.

Congressmen John R. Rarick had warned:
"The CFR, dedicated to one-world government, financed by a number of the largest tax-exempt foundations, and wielding such power and influence over our lives in the areas of finance, business, labor, military, education, and mass communication-media, should be familiar to every American concerned with good government, and with preserving and defending the U.S. Constitution and our free-enterprise system. Yet, the nation’s right-to-know machinery, the news media, usually so aggressive in exposures to inform our people, remain conspicuously silent when it comes to the CFR, its members and their activities.

"The CFR is the establishment. Not only does it have influence and power in key decision-making positions at the highest levels of government to apply pressure from above, but it also finances and uses individuals and groups to bring pressure from below, to justify the high level decisions for converting the U.S. from a sovereign Constitution Republic into a servile member of a one-world dictatorship."

The CFR now has its main headquarters at the corner of park Avenue and 68th Street in New York City, in a building given to the organization by the Rockefeller family in 1929. Its main goal is still to create a one-world government by destroying the freedom and independence of all nations, especially the United States. And David Rockefeller continues to be its Chairman of the Board.


The Trilateral Commission

Unfortunately, the Council on Foreign Relations is not the only group proposing an end to the sovereignty of the United States. In 1973, The Trilateral Commission was founded to work for the same goal: a one-world government.

The Trilateral Commission's roots stem from the book, "Between Two Ages", written by Zbigniew Brzezinski in 1970. In this book, Brzezinski praised Marxism, thought of the United States as obsolete, and praised the formation of a one-world government. His thinking closely parallels that of CFR founder Edward Mandell house.

Marxism
On page 72, Brzezinski writes: "Marxism is simultaneously a victory of the external, active man over the inner, passive man and a victory of reason over belief."

On page 83, he states: "Marxism disseminated on the popular level in the form of Communism, represented a major advance in man's ability to conceptualize his relationship to his world."

On page 123, we find: "Marxism supplied the best available insight into contemporary reality."

What Mr. Brzezinski fails to tell his readers is that approximately 100 million human beings have been murdered under Marxism "in the form of Communism" just in this Twentieth Century. It has enslaved a billion more, and has been responsible for those who live in Communist-dominated countries. There is nothing like being brainwashed!
For world government

Zbigniew Brzezinski's "Between Two Ages" was published in 1970 while he was a professor in New York City. David Rockefeller read the book and, in 1973, launched the new Trilateral Commission, whose purposes include linking North America, Western Europe, and Japan "in their economic relations, their political and defense relations, their relations with developing countries, and their relations with Communist countries."
As Newell writes: "The original literature of The Trilateral Commission also states, exactly as Brzezinski's book had proposed, that the more advanced Communist States could become partners in the alliance leading to world government. In short, David Rockefeller implemented Brzezinski's proposal."

Rockefeller appointed Zbigniew Brzezinski to be the Director of The Trilateral Commission.

Jimmy Carter
In 1973, Jimmy Carter became a student of Brzezinski, and a founding member of the Trilateral Commission.

On March 21, 1978, "The New York Times" featured an article about Zbigniew Brzezinski's close relationship with the President. In part, it reads: "The two men met for the first time four years ago when mr. Brzezinski was executive director of The Trilateral Commission… and had the foresight to ask the then obscure former Governor of Georgia to join its distinguished ranks. Their initial teacher-student relationship blossomed during the campaign, and appears to have grown closer still."
To think that the teacher in this relationship praised Marxism, and wanted to form a one-world government. And the student was to become ghe President of the united States.
During the 1976 political campaign, Carter repeatedly told the nation that he was going to get rid of the Establishment Insiders if he became president. But when he took office, he promptly filled his Administration with members of the Council on Foreign Relations (284 to be exact) and The Trilateral Commission, the two most prominent insider organizations in America. Included in this list of members of The Trilateral Commission were Walter Mondale and Dr. Henry Kissinger.
Beginning with Jimmy Carter, all the recent presidents, including president Clinton, have promptly filled their administrations with members of the Council on Foreign relations and The Trilateral Commission.

The effects
The common everyday American citizen does not need to be told that there is a controlled government running the United States. But when we understand exactly what the Council on Foreign Relations and The Trilateral Commission are, and how its members hold key positions in the Government, it becomes all the more clear.
As Newell writes: "The effects of the Council on Foreign Relation and The Trilateral Commission on the affaires of our nation is easy to see. Our own Government no longer acts in its own interest, we no longer win any wars we fight, and we constantly tie ourselves to international agreements, pacts, and conventions. And, our leaders have developed blatant preferences for Communist U.S.S.R., Communist Cuba, and Communist China, while they continue to work for world government, which has always been the goal of Communism…
"The real goal of our own Government’s leaders is to make the United States into a carbon copy of a Communist state, and then to merge all nations into a one-world system run by a powerful few."
Barry Goldwater once stated on this subject:
"The Trilateral Commission is international, and it is intended to be the vehicle for multinational consolidation of the commercial and banking interests by seizing control of the political government of the United States. The Trilateral Commission represents a skillful, coordinated effort to seize control and consolidate the four centers of power – political, monetary, intellectual, and ecclesiastical."
As with the CFR, not all the members of The Trilateral Commission are fully committed to the destruction of the United States. Some just go along for the ride, to obtain fame, comfortabel living, and constatn flattery. But some, of course, really do run things and some, of course, really do run things and work against the independence of the united States.

In conclusion
The American people may think that they live in a free country when, in reality, things could not be more controlled. The American public must be made aware of what is really taking place in the united States.
The key to obtain our freedom, to have a true independence, is to free ourselves from the yoke of International Finance. How true it is to state that those who control the money of a country control everything in that country.
The first step is prayer: to kneel down before Almighty God and to ask Him to save America, to shower His blessings on this great land.
And second; to educate the population. Every citizen of the United States should become informed about these inside organizations, and make it a point not to vote nor to promote those, who are members for these organizations. And to demand a reform of the financial laws of the country, especially to repeal the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, and to implement the philosophy of Social Credit into the laws of the country.
Make it a point to subscribe as many people as possible to the "Michael" Journal so they could become educated as to how the financial system of the United States could actually be corrected. Then the United States Government would no longer be under the control of the Bankers, but would become a servant of the American people.
Source: http://www.prolognet.qc.ca/clyde/cfr.html
The Dirty Dozen

Trilateral-Commission.net
SecretSocieties.net
CouncilOnForeignRelations.net
eWTO.net
Federal-Reserve.net
BilderbergGroup.net
CarlyleGroup.net
OilCompanies.net
Republicrat.net
Corpocracy.net
Henry-Kissinger.com
Alan-Greenspan.com
Skull & Bones

It all began at Yale. In 1832, General William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft put together a super secret society for the elite children of the Anglo-American Wall Street banking establishment. William Huntington Russell's step-brother Samuel Russell ran "Russell & Co.", the world's largest OPIUM smuggling operation in the world at the time. Alphonso Taft is the Grandfather of our ex-president Howard Taft, the creator of the Forerunner to the United Nations.

Only 15 seniors are picked each year by the former graduating class. They are required as a part of their initiation ceremony to lie naked in a coffin and recite their sexual history. This method allows other members to control the individual by threatening to reveal their innermost secrets if they do not "go-along".

George Bush's father as well as George Bush were and are members of Skull & Bones. A major key figure in Skull & Bones was William Averall Harriman. Pamela Harriman supplied the funds to elect Bill Clinton to office. Harriman was THE major backer of the Democratic Party for over 50 years. Major players in Skull & Bones have been linked to the financing of both world wars and the creation of many think-tanks and Universities in this country. Bush's father was a major contributor to the "Hitler Project" as well as the build-up of the Soviet Union. Thus, leading to the inevidable

World Wars and the eventual set-up of the United Nations in America.

I first learned about the workings of "Skull and Bones" in 1990-91 during the Gulf War.
Craig Hulett, A.K.A. (K.C. de Pass) was in Los Angeles doing several lectures discussing the
NEW WORLD ORDER. Here he revealed the work of ANTONY SUTTON author of a number of books including "Wall Street and the Bolshevic Revolution", "Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler", "Wall Street and FDR", "Gold v. Paper", "Energy-The Created Crisis", "National Suicide : Military Aid to the Soviet Union", "Technological Treason", A massive 3-Volume Set titled "Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development 1917-1973", (While working as a fellow researcher at the Hoover Institute), then came "America's Secret Establishment : An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones", in 1984 and Finally "The Two Faces of George Bush", also about Skull & Bones". "Secret Establishment" was a compilation of his previous materials with a new insight. You see, his previous works focused on the Wall Street Bankers and several organizations they had founded. But, what happened was that someone who was reading his books, said "Hey, look at this", the research you are doing on these clowns is great, but did you know about "Skull & Bones"? Antony had been doing the research on these particular individuals without knowing that they all belonged to the same "Secret Society" at Yale. The person who made him aware of this was a member of "Skull & Bones" attempting to expose it for what it is. Shortly after, Sutton
received a documents package containing the "Actual Membership List of Skull & Bones" and several other documents of the same nature. Sutton then realized that all the key figures of his research were actually part of this secret clan at Yale. That is when it all came together for him.

America's Secret Establishment : An introduction to the Order of
Skull and Bones : For a review of this book or to Order Click Here!
This package of documents was sent to 3 people. Antony Sutton, Craig Hulett, and the FBI.
The FBI didn't do anything with it. (I wonder why?), Craig Hulett researched it and Antony Sutton published the results of his own research.
To Order a Copy of this entire Package of Materials :
Send a postal money order for .00 to 484 Lake Park Ave # 81, Oakland, Ca. 94610
Please leave the "Pay to" line blank, this enables us to pass it on without necessarily cashing it, thereby eliminating the need to borrow the federal reserve currency into circulation at interest.

Main Families in Skull & Bones :

(A) Whitney Family (1635, Watertown, Mass.)
(B) Perkins Family (1631, Boston, Mass.)
(C) Phelps Family (1630, Dorchester, Mass.)
(D) Bundy Family (1635, Boston, Mass.)
(E) Taft Family (1679, Braintree, Mass.)
(F) Wadsworth Family (1632, Newton, Mass.)
(G) Lord Family (1635, Cambridge, Mass.)
(H) Gilman Family (1638, Hingham, Mass.)
(I) Harriman Family (Railroads)
(J) Rockefeller Family (Standard Oil)
(K) Payne Family (Standard Oil)
(L) Davison Family (J.P. Morgan)
(M) Weyerhaeuser Family (Lumber)
(N) Pillsbury Family (Flour Milling)
(O) Sloane Family (Retail)
(1) A Little About the Whitneys :
Initiated Name Field
(A) 1851 Emerson Cogswell Whitney Education: "Died Dec. 1, 1851"
(B) 1854 Edward Payson Whitney Medicine: "Dissappeared in 1858"
(C) 1856 James Lyman Whitney Library Work, Boston Public Library
(D) 1863 William Collins Whitney Secretary of Navy (1885-9)
Promoter & Financier
(E) 1878 Edward Baldwin Whitney Law: Justice, New York Supreme Ct.
(F) 1882 Joseph Ernest Whitney Education: "Died Feb. 25th, 1893"
(G) 1894 Payne Whitney (Son of Finance: Knickerbocker Trust Co.
William Collins Whitney
(H) 1898 Harry Payne Whitney Finance: Guaranty Trust &
Son of W.C. Whitney Guggenheim

Exploration Co.

(2) A Little About The Lords :
(A) 1854 George de Forest Lord
(B) 1898 Franklin Atkins Lord
(C) 1922 William Galey Lord+Francis Norton=Son Charles Edwin Lord 2nd
(D) 1926 Oswald Bates Lord+Mary Pillsbury (Of Pillsbury Flour family)=
Son Winston Lord
(E) 1949 Charles Edwin Lord 2nd
(F) 1959 Winston Lord
The Lords Today:
(G) Charles Edwin Lord : Acting Comptroller of the Currency (1981)
(H) Winston Lord : Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations (1983)

Banking

Members of Skull & Bones In Guaranty Trust : (Date Initiated)

(A) Harold Stanley (1908)
(B) W. Murray Crane (1904)
(C) Harry P. Whitney (1894)
(D) W. Averall Harriman (1913)
(E) Knight Wooley (1917)
(F) Frank P. Shepard (1917)
(G) Joseph R. Swan (1902)
(H) Thomas Cochrane (1894)
(I) Percy Rockefeller (1900)
Post WWII Partners
(J) George H. Chittenden (1939)
(K) William Redmond Cross (1941)
(L) Henry P. Davison Jr. (1920)
(M) Thomas Rodd (1935)
(N) Clement D. Gile (1939)
(O) Daniel P. Davison (1949)

Guaranty Trust was founded in 1864 in New York. Over the next 100 years the banking firm expanded rapidly by absorbing other banks and trust companies; in 1910 it merged Morton Trust Company, in 1912 the Standard Trust Company and in 1929, the National Bank of Commerce. The J.P. Morgan Firm has effectively controlled Guaranty Trust since 1912 when Mrs. Edward Harriman (Mother of Roland and Averell Harriman) sold her block of 8,000 shares of the total outstanding 20,000 shares to J.P. Morgan. By 1954 Guranty Trust had become the most important banking subsidiary of the J.P. Morgan Firm and since 1954 the merged firms have been known as Morgan Guaranty Company.

Members of Skull & Bones in Brown Bros., Harriman (Formerly W.A.Harriman)
(A) W.A. Harriman (1913)
(B) E. Roland Harriman (1917)
(C) Ellery S. James (1917)
(D) Ray Morris (1901)
(E) Prescott Sheldon Bush (1917)
(F) Knight Wooley (1917)
(G) Mortimer Seabury (1909)
(H) Robert A. Lovett (1918)
Post WWII Partners
(I) Eugene Wm. Stetson, Jr. (1934) (1937-1942)
(J) Walter H. Brown (1945)
(K) Stephen Y. Hord (1921)
(L) John Beckwith Madden (1941)
(M) Grange K. Costikyan (1929)
Partner Not in the Skull & Bones
(N) Matthew C. Brush (32nd Degree Mason)
Members of Skull and Bones & Nazis in Union Banking Corp. : Directors in 1932
(A) E. Roland Harriman (1917) Vice President of W.A. Harriman and Co., N.Y.
(B) Knight Wooley (1917) Director of Guaranty Trust, N.Y. and Dir. of
the Federal Reserve Bank of N.Y.
(C) Ellery Sedgewick James (1917) Partner Brown Brothers and Co. N.Y.
(D) Prescott Sheldon Bush (1917) Partner Brown Bros, Harriman, Father of
Ex-President George Bush
(E) H.J. Kouwenhoven (Nazi) Nazi banker, managing partner of August
Thyssen Bank and Bank Voor Handel
Scheepvaart N.V. (The transfer bank for
Thyssen's funds)
(F) Johann Groninger (Nazi) Director of Bank Voor Handel en Scheepvaart
and Vereinigte Stahlwerke (Thyssen's Steel
operations)
The other two members were :
(G) J.L. Guinter Director of Union Banking Corp.
(H) Cornelius Lievense President, Union Banking Corp. and Director
of Holland American Investment Corp.

Established in 1924 as a unit of W.A. Harriman and Co. (A joint Walker, Thyssen, Harriman operation). The founding partners were George Herbert Walker, Co-founder & sponsor (Grandfather of George Herbert Walker Bush, Ex-President, on the Father's side. William Averill Harriman and Fritz Thyssen of the German Steel Trust. The office of Union Banking Corp. was the N.Y. office of the German Steel Trust.
There you have it, The Financiers of Adolf Hitler & The USSR!

Media

(1) "The Nation" Magazine and New Republic on the "Left" were financed by Willard Straight, using Payne Whitney (Skull and Bones) Funds.
(2) The "National Review" on the "Right" is published by William F. Buckley a member (wwww)

War & Revolution
Medicine

(1) Daniel Coit Gilman, (1852) was 1st President of Johns Hopkins University. President of the University of California. President of the Carnegie Institution. Founded Russell Trust (Incorporated Skull and Bones at Yale in 1856). Studied at the University of Berlin between 1854 and 1855 under Karl Von Ritter and Friedrich Trendelenderg, both prominent "Right" Hegelians.
(2) William H. Welch (1870) was President of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical research from 1910 to 1934.
Education

(1) Daniel Coit Gilman (See Above)
(2) Andrew Dickson White (1853) was 1st President of Cornell University. First President of the
American Historical Association. Studied at the University of Berlin between 1856-58.
(3) Timothy Dwight (1849) was 12th President of Yale University. Studied at the Universitiers of
Berlin and Bonn between 1856 and 1858.
Also at the University of Berlin at the time when all three of these influencial bonesmen were
there, was Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of experimental psychology in Germany and later the source od dozens of American Ph.D.s who came back from Leipzig, Germany to start the modern American Education Movement.
(4) Alfonso Taft (1832) Co-founder of Skull and Bones, was the most influential Trustee of Antioch College. In 1853 Taft appointed Horace Mann as President of Antioch.

Governmental Organizations

(1) McGeorge Bundy (1940) was Special Assistant for National Security Affairs to President's
Kennedy and Johnson from 1961 to 1966.
In 1966, Bundy appointed President of the Ford Foundation, where he stayed until 1979. While at Ford, Bundy brought in as Vice-President in charge of Education and Research Division another member of Skull and Bones. Harold Howe II ( )
(2) Willaim Putnam Bundy (wwww)
(3) Archibald MacLeish (1915) Helped write the Constitution for UNESCO.
(4) Richard T. Ely (wwww) 1st Secretary of the American Economic Association.
Firms With Links To Skull & Bones at, or Near, 120 Broadway In 1917:
(A) 120 Broadway Edward H. Harriman (Before his death)
(B) 59 Broadway W.A. Harriman Company
(C) 120 Broadway America International Corporation
(D) 23 Wall J.P. Morgan Firm
(E) 120 Broadway Federal Reserve Bank of New York
(F) 120 Broadway Bankers Club (Top Floor)
(E) 120 Broadway Thomas D. Thacher (of Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett)
(F) 14 Wall William Boyce Thompson
(G) 120 Broadway Guggenheim Exploration
(H) 15 Wall Stetson, Jennings, & Russell
(I) 120 Broadway C.A.K. Martens of Weinberg & Posner (The 1st
Soviet "ambassador")
(J) 110 W. 40th St. Soviet Bureau
(K) 60 Broadway Amos Pinchot's Office
(L) 120 Broadway Stone & Webster
(M) 120 Broadway General Electric
(N) 120 Broadway Sinclair Gulf Corp.
(O) 120 Broadway Guaranty Securities
(P) 140 Broadway Guaranty Trust Company
(Q) 233 Broadway Anglo-Russian Chamber of Commerce

Chart A: The Order of Skull & Bones in the Yale Faculty

Member Date Initiated Position At Yale
Beebe, William 1873 Professor of English Literature (1882-1917)
Beers, Henry A. 1869 Professor of English Literature (1874-1926)
Bellinger, Alfred R. 1917 Professor of Greek (1926-
Dahl, George 1908 Professor of Yale Divinity School (1914-1929)
Darling, Arthur B. 1916 Professor of History (1925-1933)
Day, Clive 1892 Professor of Economic History (1902-1938)
Dexter, Franklin B. 1861 Secretary, Yale University
Dwight, Timothy 1849 President of Yale University
Farnam, Henry 1874 Professor of Economics (1880-1933)
French, Robert D. 1910 Professor of English (1919-1950)
Gilman, Daniel C. 1852
Graves, Henry S. 1892 Dean, Yale School of Forestry (1900-1939)
Gruener G. 1882 Professor of German (1892-1928)
Hadley, Arthur T. 1876 President of Yale (1899-1921)
Hilles, Frederick 1922 Professor of English (Professor of English 1921-
Holden, Reuben A. 1940 Assistant to President (1947-
Hoppin, James M. 1840 Professor of History of Art (1861-1899)
Ingersoll, James W. 1892 Professor of Latin (1897-1921)
Jones, Frederick S. 1884 Dean Yale College (1909-1926)
Lewis, Charlton M. 1886 Professor of English (1898-1923)
Lohman, Carl A. 1910 Secretary Yale University (1927-
Lyman, Chester 1837 Professor of Mechanics (1859-1890)
McLaughlin, Edward T. 1883 Professor of English (1890-1893)
Northrop, Cyrus 1857 Professor of English (1863-1884)
Packard, Lewis R. 1856 Professor of Greek (1863-1884)
Peck, Tracy 1861 Professor of Latin (1889-1908)
Perrin, Bernadotte 1869 Professor of Greek (1893-1909)
Pierce, Frederick E. 1904 Professor of English (1910-1935)
Root, Reginald D. 1926 Yale Football Coach (1933-1948)
Schwab, John C. 1886 Professor of Political Economy (1893-1906)
Seymour, Charles 1908 Prof. of History (1915-37), Pres. (1936-50)
Seymour, Charles Jr. 1935 Professor of Art (1945-
Silliman, Benjamin Jr. 1837 Professor of Chemistry (1846-1885)
Stokes, Anson P. 1896 Secretary of Yale (1899-1921)
Sumner, William G. 1863 Professor of Economics (1872-1909)
Taft, William H. 1878 Professor of Law (1913)
Tarbell, Frank B. 1873 Professor of Greek (1882-1887)
Thacher, Thomas A. 1835 Professor of Latin (1842-1886)
Thompson, John R. 1938 Professor of Law (1939-
Walker, Charles R. 1916 Assistant Secretary (1943-1945)
Woolsey, Theodore S. 1872 Professor of International Law (1878-1929)
Wright, Henry B. 1898 Professor of History (1907-1911)
Wright, Henry P. 1868 Professor of Latin (1871-1918), Dean Yale
University (1884-1909)
Chart B: Members of Skull and Bones in Education outside of Yale.
Burtt, Edwin A. 1915 Professor of Philosophy, University of Chicago
(1924-31) and Cornell University (1931-60)
Alexander, Eben 1873 Professor of Greek and Minister to Greece
(1893-97)
Blake, Eli Whitney 1857 Professor of Physics, Cornell (1868-70) and
Brown University (1870-95)
Chauvenet, William 1840 U.S. Navel Academy (1845-59) and
Chancellor Washington University (1862-69)
Cooke, Francis J. 1933 New England Conservatory of Music
Cooper, Jacob 1852 Professor of Greek, Center College (1855-66)
Rutgers University (1866-1904)
Cutler, Carroll 1854 President Western Reserve University
(1871-1886)
Daniels, Joseph L. 1860 Professor of Greek, Olivert College, and
President (1865-1904)
Emerson, Joseph 1841 Professor of Greek, Beloit College (1848-8
Estill, Joe G. 1891 Connecticut State Legislature (1932-1936)
Evans, Evan W. 1851 Professor of Mathematics, Cornell University
(1868-72)
Ewell, John L. 1865 Professor of Church History, Howard
University (1891-1910)
Fisher, Irving 1888 Professor of Political Economy, Yale
(1893-1935)
Fisk, F.W. 1849 President, Chicago Theological Seminary
(1887-1900)
Green, James Payne 1857 Professor of Greek, Jefferson College
(1857-59)
Griggs, John C. 1889 Vassar College (1897-1927)
Hall, Edward T. 1941 St. Marks School, Southborough, Mass.
Harman, Archer 1913 St. Paul's School, Concord, N.H.
Harman, Archer Jr. 1945 St. Paul's School, Concord, N.H.
Hincks, John H. 1872 Professor of History, Atlanta University
(1849-1894)
Hine, Charles D. 1871 Secretary, Connecticut State Board of
Education (1883-1920)
Hoxton, Archibald R. 1939 Episcopal High School
Hoyt, Joseph G. 1840 Chancellor Washington University (1858-1862)
Ives, Chauncey B. 1928 Adirondack - Florida School
Johnson, Charles F. 1855 Professor of Mathematics, U.S. Navel
Academy (1865-70), Trinity College
(1884-1906)
Johnston, Henry Phelps 1862 Professor of History, N.Y. City College
(1883-1916)}
Johnston, William 1852 Professor of English Literature, Washington &
Lee (1867-77) and Louisiana State University
(1883-89)
Jones, Theodore S. 1933 Institute of Contemporary Art
Kingsbury, Howard T. 1926 Westminster School
Knapp, John M. 1936 Princeton University
Learned, Dwight Whitney 1870 Professor of Church History, Doshiba College,
Japan (1876-1928)
McClintock, Norman 1891 Professor of Zoology, University of Pittsburg
(1925-1930)
Macleish, Archibald 1915 Library of Congress (1939-1944), UNESCO,
State Dept. OWI, Howard University
Moore, Eliakim H. 1883 Professor of Mathematics, University of Chicago
(1892-1931)
Nichols, Alfred B. 1880 Professor of German, Simmons College
(1903-1911)
Norton, WIlliam B. 1925 Professor of History Boston University
Owen, Edward T. 1872 Professor of French, University of Wisconsin
(1879-1931)
Parsons, Henry 1933 Columbia University
Perry, David B. 1863 President, Douana College (1881-1912)
Pomeroy, John 1887 Professor of Law, University of Illinois (1910-24)
Potwin, Lemuel S. 1854 Professor, Western Reserve University
Reed, Harry L. 1889 President, Auburn Theological Seminary
Richardson, Rufus B. 1869 Director of American School of Classical
Studies Athens (1893-1903)
Russell, William H. 1833 Collegiate School, Hartford
Seely, William W. 1862 Dean, Medical Faculty, University of Cincinnati
(1881-1900)
Southworth, George CS 1863 Bexley Theological Seminary (1888-1900)
Stagg, Amos A. 1888 Dir. Physical Education, University of Chicago
Stillman, George S. 1935 St. Pauls School
Tighe, Lawrence G. 1916 Treasurer of Yale
Twichell, Charles P. 1945 St. Louis Country Day School
Tyler, Charles M. 1855 Professor of History, Cornell University
(1891-1903)
Tyler, Moses Coit 1857 Professor at Cornell (1867-1900)
Watkins, Charles L. 1908 Director, Phillips Art School
Yardley, Henry A. 1855 Berkeley Divinity School (1867-1882)
Here are some related articles :

Brand New!! Interview with Antony Sutton by "Sightings" - 3-19-00


Skull & Bones Article from Esquire Magazine Sept. 1977 - Click Here!!

George Bush, Skull & Bones and the New World Order - by Paul Goldstein & Jeffrey Steinberg - April 1991 - Click Here!!


Anthony Sutton On 'Skull
& Bones,' US Banks Financing
Hitler, & 'Trance-Formation'
3-19-00


Antony Sutton, is the author of 26 books, many of which
can be purchased on-line at Amazon or Barnes & Noble.
Liberty House Press at 1-800-343-6180 has copies of
America's Secret Establishment and Best Enemy Money
Can Buy for sale.

The following interview with Mr. Sutton is dated July 6,
1999

Antony C. Sutton, 74, has been persecuted but never
prosecuted for his research and subsequent publishing of
his findings. His mainstream career was shattered by his
devotion towards uncovering the truth. In 1968, his
Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development
was published by The Hoover Institute at Stanford
University. Sutton showed how the Soviet state's
technological and manufacturing base, which was then
engaged in supplying the North Vietnamese the
armaments and supplies to kill and wound American
soldiers, was built by US firms and mostly paid for by
the US taxpayers. From their largest steel and iron plant,
to automobile manufacturing equipment, to precision
ball-bearings and computers, basically the majority of the
Soviet's large industrial enterprises had been built with
the United States help or technical assistance.

Professor Richard Pipes, of Harvard, said in his book,
Survival Is Not Enough: Soviet Realities and America's
Future (Simon & Schuster;1984): "In his three-volume
detailed account of Soviet Purchases of Western
Equipment and Technology . . . [Antony] Sutton comes
to conclusions that are uncomfortable for many
businessmen and economists. For this reason his work
tends to be either dismissed out of hand as 'extreme' or,
more often, simply ignored."

The report was too much and Sutton's career as a
well-paid member of the academic establishment was
under attack and he was told that he "would not survive".

His work led him to more questions than answers. "Why
had the US built-up it's enemy? Why did the US build-up
the Soviet Union, while we also transferred technology to
Hitler's Germany? Why does Washington want to
conceal these facts?"

Sutton, following his leads, proceeded to research and
write his three outstanding books on Wall Street: and
FDR; and the Rise of Hitler; and The Bolshevik
Revolution. Then, someone sent Antony a membership
list of Skull and Bones and--"a picture jumped out". And
what a picture! A multigenerational foreign-based secret
society with fingers in all kinds of pies and roots going
back to 'Illuminati' influences in 1830's Germany.

For the full story, check-out Sutton's book America's
Secret Establishment, in print for 14 years and available
from Liberty House Press, 1-800-343-6180.

Skull And Bones

Here, in a recent e-mail interview, are Antony Sutton's
own reflections and answers to questions from myself
and other researchers.

Pre-interview note from Antony Sutton: Remember all
my papers on this are in deep storage 1000 miles away
and cannot be accessed and I've not even thought about
S&B for 15 years. I had no idea that any interest had
been aroused out there. I know the book is a steady seller
from the royalty reports; but that is all. For the last 10
years I have been in complete seclusion working on
future technology...I'm more engineer than historian. The
only visitors I've had or meetings have been with
three-letter agency people, who arrive on the doorstep
unannounced and complain I am hard to find. Big
Brother has the ability apparently to find anyone. Nothing
mysterious about this, I just dislike publicity and social
interaction. . . . You will see from the Dutch TV episode
that my work still upsets the "powers that be" so these
are merely reasonable precautions.

KM - Can you tell the story of how you learned of Skull
& Bones? And how you felt?

AS - I knew nothing of S&B until I received a letter in
the early 80's asking if I would like to look at a genuine
membership list. For no real reason I said yes. It was
agreed to send the package by Federal Express and I
could keep it for 24 hours, it had to be returned to the
safe. It was a "black bag" job by a family member
disgusted with their activities. For the benefit of any S&B
members who may read and doubt the statement; the
membership list is in two volumes, black leather bound.
Living members and deceased members in separate
volumes. Very handsome books. I spent all night in
Kinko's, Santa Cruz , copied the entire volumes and
returned within the 24 hour period. I have never released
any copies or identified the source. I figured each copy
could be coded and enable S&B to trace the leak. How
did I feel? I felt then (as I do now} that these
"prominent" men are really immature juveniles at heart.
The horrible reality is that these little boys have been
dominant in their influence in world affairs. No wonder
we have wars and violence. Skull and Bones is the
symbol of terrorist violence, pirates, the SS Deaths Head
Division in WW Two, labels on poison bottles and so on.
I kept the stack of xerox sheets for quite a while before I
looked at them--when I did look--a picture jumped out,
THIS was a significant part of the so called
establishment. No wonder the world has problems!

KM - What is the percentage of active members?

AS - I haven't checked for 15 years...it used to be about
one quarter. With the rise of the Bush dynasty it will
increase somewhat, as they climb on the bankwagon.
The Demos had their turn with Harriman in the 40's and
50's.

KM - How many active members are there?

AS - Usually about 600 alive at any one time . . . recently
more active.

KM- What is your take on the grandfather clock that
each member allegedly receives?

AS - They do get a clock I've had that confirmed and
you will see it in the photos in ASE (AMERICA'S
SECRET ESTABLISHMENT). Might be symbolic,
perhaps to state their organization goes on timelessly.

KM - Has Skull and Bones lost its clout?

AS - Well look at the recent fundraiser for George
Bush...Republicans are stuffing money into his
pockets...I suggest members recently got behind one of
their own and decided to push George all out for
president--and Democrats can't do a thing because
Democrat Bones are not going to allow the Party to use
the ultimate weapon--George's membership in a foreign
secret society.

KM - What do you know of George ' W.' Bush?

AS - He is a third generation Bonesman. My personal
impression is that he doesn't have the drive of his father
or the skills of his grandfather....--but I could be very
wrong. He can beat anyone hands down--EXCEPT
VENTURA. If Bush handlers allow a face to face debate
between Bush and Ventura, Ventura will win. Remember
Ventura has admitted to his so-called "sins". Bush has a
closet full waiting to emerge. People are getting bored
with cover ups and spin. 2000 may see the end of the
Bones influence or--reality that these Bones people are
powerful.

KM - Is the 'name' of the German group known?

AS - Almost certainly Illuminati.

KM - Some people say that there are other 'cells'; what
do you think?

AS - There are many other secret societies. I've only
looked at S&B. Unfortunately no historian will keep his
job if he tries to explore conspiracy...this is taboo for the
American Historical Association. Sooner or later outsiders
will take a look. I've long thought that S&B fits the legal
definition of a conspiracy and needs to be officially
investigated. Yes there should be other cells. No secret
society worth anything is going to keep its inner actions
written down on paper. If the gigantic electronic
monitoring apparatus is for national security purposes;
then it should be monitoring these people 24 hours a day.

KM - What are your thoughts on Wolf's Head? Scroll &
Key? And the other Senior societies at Yale?

AS - Wolfs Head, Scroll and Key seem to be pale
imitations of S&B, but they have the same objective of
deliberately building discrimination into a society. I
listened to Jesse Ventura last night and he made the point
that the Founding Fathers intended for CITIZENS to
represent the people. I agree, a trucker, a farmer, a
teacher--represents the people not a bunch of
professional pols or a secret society like S&B. All these
societies place their own members ahead of the pack and
give preference to their own members--this is
discrimination par excellence.

KM - Have you read Cathy O'Brian's book
Trance-Formation Of America? What do think of it?

AS - The book does not contain one piece of hard
physical evidence.. I think Cathy O'Brien BELIEVES
SHE IS TELLING THE TRUTH . . . but remember that
Mark Phillips is a skilled neuro-linguistic-programmer.
Another point that really concerns me is this...where did
this story originate? It originated in Communist Chinese
Intelligence and Mark Phillips had a contractual
relationship with the ChiComs. This could be an attempt
to destabilize the US. No doubt these Washington pols
are fully capable of these weird practices, just look at
Bohemian Grove but that doesn't mean that the book is
an accurate portrayal. If the book is credible I would
think the police would have raided Bohemian Grove long
ago.

My best guess is that the Chinese picked up whispers of
Washington scandals and blew them out of proportion for
their own purposes. This is a GUESS...I don't know.
One thing that puzzled me, with all these sexual
shenanigans how do Washington politicians find time to
do anything else? According to the book this is a full time
occupation for Senator Byrd and others.

KM - What did your study of elites, economics, secrecy
and technology do for your career?

AS-Depends what you mean by "career"? By
conventional standards I am an abject failure. I've been
thrown out of two major Universities (UCLA and
Stanford), denied tenure at Cal State Los Angeles. Every
time I write something, it appears to offend someone in
the Establishment and they throw me to the wolves. On
the other hand I've written 26 books, published a couple
of newsletters and so on...even more important I've
never compromised on the truth And I don't quit. In
material terms...hopeless failure. In terms of discovery...I
think I've been successful. Judge a man by his enemies.
William Buckley called me a "jerk". Glenn Campbell,
former Director of the Hoover Institution, Stanford called
me "a problem".

KM - Do you believe that there has been suppression of
technology? Has it been major or minor?

AS - Yes there has been suppression but its going to be
impossible to suppress the new emerging paradigm.

KM - The Federal Reserve, the House of Morgan, House
of Rothschild and Skull and Bones are they related?

AS - Best source for this is a book by me THE
FEDERAL RESERVE CONSPIRACY, 1995 CPA, PO
Box 596, Boring OR 97007.

KM- On Skull and Bone's influencing John Dewey and
Horace Mann; are there good source materials to follow
that story?

AS - Depends what you want to find. You could explore
the 10(?) volume works of Dewey... outrageous
Hegelianism, the state is supreme, the individual merely a
pawn to be trained. This is the basis of our 'educational
system"...or you could go and explore the members of
S&B who brought the system to the US. This trained
"sausage mind" outlook has thoroughly permeated our
universities--that's why we have the peer review
system...we are all supposed to think alike and find the
same answers. This political correctness garbage is
another step to total thought control.

AH - Did any of Hitler's economic policies threaten the
interests of the international bankers, and if so did that
play a role in his downfall?

AS - Hitler's economic policies were OK'd by the
bankers right through the war...ITT, Chase, Texaco and
others were operating in Nazi-held France as late as
1945. In fact Chase in Paris was trying to get Nazi
accounts as late as 1944. When we got to Germany in
May 1945, I remember seeing a (bombed-out)
Woolworth store in Hamburg and thinking, "What's
Woolworth doing in Nazi Germany?" While we were
bombed and shelled it was "business as usual" for Big
Business. Try the Alien Custodian Papers. See my BEST
ENEMY MONEY CAN BUY for more information.
Union Banking is very important. I made a documentary
for Dutch National TV some years ago. It got all the way
through the production process to the Dutch TV
Guide...at the last minute it was pulled and another film
substituted. This documentary has proof of Bush
financing Hitler-- documents. Maybe my Dutch friends
will still get it viewed, but the apparatus reaches into
Holland.

KM - What is the story that was going to be told on
Dutch TV? And what is the story of it's censorship?

AS - Couple of years back, a Dutch TV production
company from Amsterdam--under contract to Dutch
National TV--came to US to make documentary on
S&B. They went to the Bones Temple and other places
and interviewed people on East Coast. On West Coast,
they interviewed myself and one other person. I saw
extracts from the original and it is a good professional
job. They had documents linking Bush family and other
S&B members to financing Hitler through Union Banking
of New York and its Dutch correspondent bank. More
than I have in WALL STREET AND THE RISE OF
HITLER. The first version was later upgraded into a two
part documentary and scheduled for showing this last
March. It was pulled at last minute and has never been
shown.

AH - Who has been financing Milosevic, and what role
has the international banking community played in the
Balkans?

AS - I haven't looked at this one. Of course the notorious
Black Hand society is located in the Balkans. See WW
One.

DG - What is the importance of your work on Skull and
Bones?

AS - The potential is extraordinary. IF we find that secret
societies are indeed significant the entire history of the
last two centuries will have to be re-written. At this point
in 1999, the potential has not been explored by others
and I've moved back to my original interest--technology.
Apparently people see some merit in the work. It is never
advertised. It is an underground word of mouth
distribution but has sold steadily from 1986 to date.
Every month I get a royalty check, so I know it is selling.
But my original enthusiastic statement has not been
fulfilled.

KM - What do you see for the future?

AS - Chaos, confusion and ultimately a battle between
the individual and the State. The individual is the
stronger; and will win. The state is a fiction sanctified by
Hegel and his followers to CONTROL the individual.
Sooner or later people will wake up. First we have to
dump the trap of right and left, this is a Hegelian trap to
divide and control. The battle is not between right and
left; it is between us and them. The message is getting
through. ASE has sold for 15 years, small but steady. No
advertising. Its an underground work. But the breadth of
interest is amazing. From Black Africa, to Russia (12,000
copies), right, left...it cuts across all ethnic, political,
social lines...The spirit of God is within us as individuals.
Skull & Bones represents death. It has no life spirit and
pretends that the State "is the march of God on earth".
The thinking of immature juveniles, deadly and
destructive and has almost totally infected Washington.
What to do? Find yourself and then go to work.....tell
your friends and put out the message. The answer is
within you. _____ Antony Sutton, is the author of 26
books, many of which can be purchased on-line at
Amazon or Barnes & Noble. Liberty House Press at
1-800-343-6180 has copies of America's Secret
Establishment and Best Enemy Money Can Buy for sale.
New York Editors . . . In talking to a magazine in New
York that is working on a feature story on George ' W '
Bush and was thinking of doing a piece on S&B. I asked
how about a sidebar on Antony Sutton? After getting
responses peppered with phrases such as; "Someone is
claiming he's a John Bircher" and; Here is what one
editor (who shall remain nameless) had to say about
Sutton:

"Liberty House was/is a right wing publishing company
located in Billings, Montana. Anthony Sutton was a
research fellow at Stanford's Hoover Institution. Among
many other claims, Sutton's book accuses Skull and
Bones of funding and encouraging "the Maxist/Leftist
'60s revolution"....and diverting attention by drawing
students into disarmament and/or environmental groups
and issues. Although there seems to be some real info in
his book, it reads like a classic text of right-wing
propaganda, filled with hyperbole and unsourced
allegations" Antony Sutton's response:

What's wrong with these editors? I was thrown out of the
Hoover Institution by the CIA types....I am definitely
persona non-grata. Director Glenn Campbell actually
threatened me: "you will not survive."

Some right winger!! I've never been a member of the
Birch Society or any society come to that. I'd like to have
that Editor say that to my face. They're sick! Get his
comments on the above...and have him come up with
some proof. What's the legal definition of slander...it has
to be untrue and malicious. Do they have any money?
When it comes right down to it the NY people didn't
even read my book...else they would know that I see the
right-left approach as a Hegelian trap...as for lack of
evidence Ill leave that to the readers. On second thought
they probably never heard of Hegel. When Lenin
referred to 'useful idiots" he must have had these people
in mind.

Ron Rosenbaum - Esquire Magazine - September, 1977
Take a look at the hulking sepulcher over there. Small wonder they
call it a tomb. It's the citadel of Skull and Bones, the most
powerful of all secret societies in the strange Yale secret-society
system. For nearly a century and a half, Skull and Bones has been
the most influential secret society in the nation, and now it is one
of the last.
In an age in which it seems that all that could possibly be
concealed about anything and anybody has been revealed, those blank
tombstone walls could be holding the last secrets left in America.
You could ask Averell Harriman whether there's really a
sarcophagus in the basement and whether he and young Henry Stimson
and young Henry Luce (Time magazine) lay down naked in the coffin
and spilled the secrets of their adolescent sex life to 14 fellow
Bonesmen. You could ask Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart if
there came a time in the year 1937 when he dressed up in a skeleton
suit and howled wildly at an initiate in a red-velvet room inside
the tomb. You could ask McGeorge Bundy if he wrestled naked in a
mud pie as part of his initation and how it compared with a later
quagmire into which he so eagerly plunged. You could ask Bill
Bundy or William F. Buckley, both of who went into the CIA after
leaving Bones - or George Bush, who ran the CIA / President -
whether their Skull and Bones experience was useful training for
the clandestine trade. ("Spook," the Yale slang for spy.) You
could ask J. Richardson Dilworth, the Bonesman who now manages the
Rockefeller fortune, just how wealthy the Bones society is and
whether it's true that each new initiate gets a no-strings gift
of fifteen thousand dollars cash and guaranteed financial security
for life.
You could ask...but I think you get the idea. The lending lights
of the Eastern establishment - in old-line investment banks (Brown
Brothers Harriman pays Bone's tax bill), in a blue-blood law firms
(Simpson Thacher & Bartlett, for one), and particularly in the
highest councils of the foreign-policy establishment - the people
who have shaped America's national character since it ceased being
an undergraduate power, had their undergraduate character shaped in
that crypt over there. Bonesman Henry Stimson, Secretary of War
under F.D.R., a man at the heart of the heart of the American
ruling class, called his experience in the tomb the most profound
one in his entire education.
But none of them will tell you a thing about it. They've sworn
an oath never to reveal what goes on inside and they're legendary
for the lengths to which they'll go to avoid prying interrogation.
The mere mention of the words "skull and bones" in the presence
of a true-blue Bonesman, such as Blackford Oakes, the fictional
hero of Bill Buckley's spy thriller, 'Saving the Queen', will cause
him to "dutifully leave the room, as tradition prescribed."
I can trace my personal fascination with the mysteriouis goings-
on in the sepulcher across the street to a spooky scene I witnessed
on its shadowy steps late one April night eleven years ago. I was
then a sophmore at Yale, living in Jonathan Edwards, the residential
college (anglophile Yale name for dorm) built next to the Bones
tomb. It was part of Jonathan Edwards folklore that on a April
evening following "tap night" at Bones, if one could climb to the
tower of Weir Hall, the odd castle that overlooks the Bones
courtyard, one could hear strange cries and moans coming from the
bowels of the tomb as the fifteen newly "tapped" members were put
through what sounded like a harrowing ordeal. Returning alone to
my room late at night, I would always cross the street rather than
walk the sidewalk that passed right in front of Bones. Even at that
safe distance, something about it made my skin crawl.
But that night in April I wasn't alone; a classmate and I were
coming back from an all-night diner at about two in the morning.
At the time, I knew little about the mysteries of Bones or any of
the other huge windowless secret-society tombs that dominated with
dark authority certain key-corners of the campus. They were
nothing like conventional fraternities. No one lived in the tombs.
Instead, every Thursday and Sunday night the best and the brightest
on campus, the fifteen seniors in Skull and Bones and in the Scroll
and Key, Book and Snake, Wolf's Head, Berzelius, in all the seven
secret societies, disappeared into their respective tombs and spent
hours doing something - something they were sworn to secrecy about.
And Bones, it was said was the most ritualistic and secretive of all.
Even the very door to the Bones tomb, that huge triple-padlocked
iron door, was never prermitted to open in the presence of an
outsider.
All this was floating through my impressionable sophmore mind that
night as my friend Mike and I approached the stone pylons guarding
the entrance to Bones. Suddenly we froze at the sight of a strange
thing lying on the steps. There in the gloom of the doorway on the
top step was a long white object that looked like the thighbone of
a large mammal. I remained frozen. Mike was more adventuresome:
he walked right up to the steps and picked up the bone. I wanted
to get out of there fast; I was certain we were being spied upon
from a concealed window. Mike couldn't decide what to do with the
bone. He went up to the door and began examining the array of
padlocks. Suddenly a bolt shot. The massive door began to swing
open and something reached out at him from within. He grasped,
terrified, and jumped back, but not before something clutched the
bone, yanked it out of his hand and back into the darkness within.
The door slammed shut with a clang that rang in our ears as we ran
away.
Recollected in tranquility, the dreamlike gothic moment seems to me
an emblem of the strangeness I felt at being at Yale, at being given
a brief glimpse of the mysterious workings of the inner temples of
privelege but feeling emphatically shut out of the secret ceremonies
within. I always felt irrelevant to the real purpose of the
institution, which was from its missionary beginnings devoted to
converting the idle progeny of the ruling class into morally
serious leaders of the establishment. It is frequently in the tombs
that conversions take place.
NOVEMBER, 1976: SECURITY MEASURES
It's night and we're back in front of the tomb, Mike and I,
reinforced by nine years in the outside world, two skeptical women
friends and a big dinner at Mory's. And yet once again there is an
odd, chilling encounter. We're re-creating that first spooky moment.
I'm standing in front of the stone pylons and Mike has walked up to
stand against the door so we can estimate its height by his. Then
we notice we're being watched. A small red foreign car has pulled
up on the sidewalk a few yards away from us. The driver has been
watching us for some time. Then he gets out. He's a tall, athletic
looking guy, fairly young. He shuts the card door behind him and
stands leaning against it, continuing to observe us. We try to act
oblivious, continuing to sketch and measure.
The guy finally walks over to us, "You seen Miles?" he asks.
We look at each other. Could he think we're actually Bones
alumni, or is he testing us? Could "You seen Miles?" be some sort
of password? "No," we reply. "Haven't seen Miles." He nods and
remains there. We decide we've done enough sketching and measuring
and stroll off. "Look!" one of the women says as she turns and points
back. "He just ran down the side steps to check the basement-door
locks. He probably thought he caught us planning a break-in."
I found the episode intriguing. What it said to me was that Bones
still cared about the security of its secrets. Trying to find out
what goes on inside could be a challenge.
And so it was that I set out this April to see just how secure
those last secrets are. It was a task I took on not out of malice
or sour grapes. I was not tapped for a secret society so I'm open
to the latter charge, but I plead guilty only to the voyeurism of a
mystery lover. I'd been working on a novel, a psychological thriller
of sorts that involved the rites of Bones, and I thought it wouldn't
hurt to spend some time in New Haven during the week of tap night
and initiation night, poking around and asking questions.
You could call it espionage if you were so inclined, but I tried
to play the game in a gentlemanly fashion: I would not directly ask
a Bonesman to violate his sacred oath of secrecy. If, however, one
of them happened to have fudged on the oath to some other party and
that the other party were to convey the gist of the information to
me, I would rule it fair game. And if any Bonesman wants to step
forward and add something. I'll be happy to listen.
What follows is an account of my search for the meaning behind
the mysterious Bones rituals. Only information that might be too
easily traced to its source has been left out, because certain
sources expressed fear of reprisals against themselves. Yes,
reprisals. One of them even insisted, with what seemed like deadly
seriousness, that reprisals would be taken against me.
"What bank do you have your checking account at?" this party
asked me in the middle of a discussion of the Mithraic aspects of
the Bones ritual. I named the bank, "Aha," said the party.
"There are three Bonesmen on the board. You'll never have a line
of credit again. They'll tap your phone. They'll..."
Before I could say, "A line of what?" the source continued: "The
alumni still care. Don't laugh. They don't like people tampering
and prying. The power of Bones is incredible. They've got their
hands on every level of power in the country. You'll see - it's
like trying to look into the Mafia. Remember, they're a secret
society, too."
WEDNESDAY NIGHT, APRIL 14: THE DOSSIER
Already I have in my possession a set of annotated floor plans
of the interior of the tomb, giving the location of the sanctum
sanctorum, the room called 322. And tonight I recieved a dossier
on Bones ritual secrets that was compiled from the archives of
another secret society. It seems that one abiding preoccupation
of many Yale secret societies is keeping files on the secrets of
other secret societies, particularly Bones. The dossier of Bones
is a particularly sophisticated one, featuring "reliability ratings"
in prercentiles for each chunk of information. It was obtained for
me by an enterprising researcher on the condition that I keep secret
the name of the secret society that supplied it. Okay I will say,
though, that it's not the secret society that is rumored to have
Hitler's silverware in its archives. That's Scroll and Key, chief
rival of Bones for the elite of Yale - Dean Acheson and Cy Vance's
society - and the source of most of the rest of the American foreign
policy establishment.
But to return to the dossier. Let me tell you what it says about
the initiation, the center of some of the most lurid apocryphal
rumors about Bones. According to the dossier, the Bones initiation
ritual of 194O went like this: "New man placed in coffin - carried
into central part of the building. New man chanted over and
'reborn' into society. Removed from coffin and given robes with
symbols on it. (sic) A bone with his name on it is tossed into
bone heap at start of every meeting. Initiates plunged into mud
pile."
THURSDAY EVENING: THE FILE AND CLAW SOLUTION TO THE MYSTER OF 322
I'm standing in the shadows across the street from the tomb,
ready to tail the first person to come out. Tonight is tap night,
the night fifteen juniors will be chosen to receive the one-hundred-
forty-five-year-old secrets of Bones. Tonight the fifteen seniors
in Bones and the fifteen in each of the other societies will arrive
outside the rooms of the prospective tappees. They'll pound loudly
on the doors. When the chosen junior opens up, a Bonesman will
slam him on the shoulder and thunder: "Skull and Bones: Do you
accept?"
At that point, according to my dossier, if the candidate accepts,
he will be handed a message wrapped with a black ribbon sealed in
black wax with the skull-and-crossbones emblem and the mystic Bones
number, 322. The message appoints a time and a place for the
candidate to appear on initiation night - next Tuesday - the first
time the newly tapped candidate will be permitted inside the tomb.
Candidates are "instructed to wear no metal" to the initiation,
the dossier notes ominously. (Reliability rating for the stated to
be one hundred percent.)
Not long before eight tonight, the door to Bones swings open.
Two dark-suited young men emerge. One of them carries a slim black
attache case. Obviously they're on their way to tap someone. I
decide that Bones inititates are taken to a ceremony somewhere near
the campus before the big initiation inside the tomb. The
Bonesmen head up High Street and pass the library, then make a
right. Passing the library, I can't help but recoil when I think
of the embarrissing discovery I made in the manuscript room this
afternoon. The last thing I wanted to do was reduce the subleties
of the social function of Bones to some simpleminded conspiracy
theory. And yet I do seem to have come across definite, if
skeletal links between the origins of Bones rituals and those
of the notorious Bavarian Illuminists. For me, an intersted but
skeptical student of the conspiracy world, the introduction of
the Illuminists, or Illuminati, into certain discussions (say
for instance, of events in Dallas in 1963) has become the same
thing that the mention of Bones is to a Bonesman - a signal to
leave the room. Because although the Bavarian Illuminists did
have a real historical existence (from 1776 to 1785 they were an
esoteric secret society within the more mystical freethinking
lodges of German Freemasonry), they have also had a paranoid
fantasy existence throughout two centuries of conspiracy literature.
They are the imagined megacabal that manipulated such alleged plots
as the French and Russian revolutions, the elders of Zion, the
rise of Hitler and the House of Morgan. Yes the Bilderbergers and
George De Mohrenschildt, too. Silly as it may sound, there are
suggestive links between the historical if not mytho-conspiratorial,
Illuminists and Bones.
First consider the account of the origins of Bones to be found
in a century-old pamphlet published by an anonymous group that
called itself File and Claw after the tools they used to pry their
way inside Bones late one night. I came upon the File and Claw
break-in pamphlet in a box of disintigrating documents filed in
the library's manuscript room under Skull and Bone's corporate
name, Russell Trust Association. The foundation was named for
William H (later General) Russell, the man who founded Bones in
1832. I was trying to figure out what mission Russell had for the
secret order he founded and why he had chosen that particular
death-head brand of mumbo jumbo to embody his vision. Well,
according to the File and Claw breakin crew, "Bones is a chapter
of corps of a German university. It should properly be called the
Skull and Bones chapter. General Russell, its founder, was in
Germany before his senior year and formed a warm friendship with
a leading member of a German society. The meaning of the permanent
number 322 in all Bones literature is that it was founded in '32 as
the second chapter of the German society. But the Bonesman has
a pleasing fiction that his faternity is a descendant of an old
Greek patriot society founded by Demosthenes, who died in 322 BC."
They go on to describe a German slogan painted "on arched walls
above the vault" of the sacred room 322. The slogan appears above
a painting of skulls surrounded by Masonic symbols, a picture said
to be "a gift of the German chapter." "Wer war der Thor, wer Weiser,
Bettler oder Kaiser? Ob Arm, ob Reich, im Tode gleich," the slogan
reads, or, "Who was the fool, who the wise man, beggar or king?
Whether poor or rich, all's the same in death."
Imagine my surprise when I ran into that very slogan in a 1798
Scottish anti-Illuminatist tract reprinted in 1967 by the John
Birch Society. The tract (proofs of a conspiracy by John Robinson)
prints alleged excerpts from Illuminist ritual manuals supposedly
confiscated by the Bavarian police when the secret order was banned
in 1785. Toward the end of the ceremony of initiation in the
"Regent degree" of Illuminism, according to the tract, "a skeleton
in pointed out to him [the initiate], at the feet of which are laid
a crown and a sword. He is asked 'whether that is the skeleton of
a king, nobleman or a beggar.' As he cannot decide, the president
of the meeting says to him, 'The character of being a man is the
only one that is importance'".
Doesn't that sound similar to the German slogan the File and
Claw team claims to have found inside Bones? Now consider a
haunting photograph of the altar room of one of the Masonic
lodges at Nuremburg that is closely associated with Illuminism.
Haunting because at the altar room's center, approached through
the aisle of hanging human skeletons, is a coffin surmounted by
- you guessed it - a skull and crossed bones that look exactly
like the particular arrangement of jawbones and thighbones in
the official Bones emblem. The skull and crossbones was the
official crest of another key Illuminist lodge, one right-wing
Illuminist theoretician told me.
Now you can look at this three ways. One possibility is that
the Bircher right - and the conspiracy-minded left are correct:
The Eastern establishment is the demonic creation of a clandestine
elite manipulating history, and Skull and Bones is one of its
recruiting centers. A more plausible explanation is that the
death's-head symbolism was so prevalent in Germany when the
impressionable young Russell visited that he just stumbled on
the same mother lode of pseudo-Masonic mummery as the Illuninists.
The third possibility is that the break-in pamphlets are an
elaborate fraud designed by the File and Claw crew to pin the
taint of Illuminism on Bones and that the rituals of Bones have
innocent Athenian themes, 322 being only the date of the death
of Demosthenes. (In fact, some Bones literature I've seen in
the archives does express the year as if 322 BC were the year
one, making 1977 anno Demostheni 2299.)
I am still following the dark-suited Bonesman at a discreet
distance as they make their way along Prospect Street and into
a narrow alley, which to my dismay, turns into a parking lot.
They get into a car and drive off, obviously to tap an off-campus
prospect. So much for tonight's clandestine work I'd never get
to my car in time to follow them. My heart isn't in it
anyway. I am due to head off to the graveyard to watch the
initiation ceremony of Book and Snake, the secret society of
Deep Throat's friend Bob Woodward (several Deep Throat theories
have postulated Yale secret-society ties as the origin of
Woodward's underground-garage connection, and two Bonesmen,
Ray Price and Richard Moore, who weree high Nixon aides, have
been mentioned as suspects - perhaps because of their experience
at clandestine underground truth telling). And later tonight I
hope to make the first of my contacts with persons who have been
inside - not just inside the tomb, but inside the skulls of some
of the Bonesmen.
LATER THURSDAY NIGHT: TURNING THE TABLES ON THE SEXUAL
AUTOBIOGRPHIES
In his senior year, each member of Bones goes through an intense
two-part confessional experience in the Bones crypt. One Thursday
night he tells his life story, giving what is meant to be a painfully
forthright autobiography that exposes his traumas, shames, and dreams.
(Tom Wolfe calls this Bones practice a fore-runner of the Me Decade's
fascination with self.) The following Sunday-night session is
devoted exclusively to sexual histories. They don't leave out
anything these days. I don't know what it was like in General
Russell's day, maybe there was less to talk about, but these days
the sexual stuff is totally explicit and there's less need for
fabricating exploits to fill up the allotted time. Most Sunday-night
sessions start with talk of prep school masturbation and don't stop
until the intimate details of Saturday night's delights have come
to light early Monday morning.
This has begun to cause some disruptions in relationships. The
women the Bonesmen talk about in the crypt are often Yale co-eds
and frequently feminists. While it might seem to be a rebuke to
Bone's spirit of consciousness raising, none of these women is
too pleased at having the most intimate secrets of her relationship
made the subject of an all-night symposium consecrating her lover's
brotherhood with fourteen males she hardly knows. As one woman
put it, "I objected to fourteen guys knowing whether I was a good
lay...It was like after that each of them thought I was his woman
in some way."
Some women have discovered that their lovers take their vows to
Bones more solemnly than their commitments to women. There is the
case of the woman who revealed something very personal - not
embarassing, just private - to her lover and made him swear never
to repeat it to another human. When he came back from the Bones
crypt after his Sunday-night sex session, he couldn't meet her
eyes. He'd told his brothers in Bones.

It seems that the whole secret society system at Yale is in the
terminal stages of a sexual crisis. By the time I arrived this
April, all but three of the formerly all male societies had gone
co-ed, and two of the remaining holdouts - Scroll and Key and
Wolf's Head - were embroiled in bitter battles over certain
members' attempts to have them follow the trend. The popular
quarterback of the football team had resigned from Scroll and Key
because its alumni would not even let him make a pro-coeducation
plea to their convocation. When one prominent alumnus of Wolf's
Head was told the current members had plans to tap women, he
threatened to "raze the building" before permitting it. Nevertheless,
it seemed as though it wouldn't be long before those two holdouts
went co-ed. But not Bones. Both alumni and outsiders see the
essence of the Bones experience as some kind of male bonding, a
Victorian, muscular, Christian-missionary view of manliness and
public service.

While changing the least of all societies over its one hundred
forty-five years. Bones did begin admitting Jews in the early
Fifties and tapping blacks in 1949. It offered membership to some
of the most outspoken rebels of the late Sixties and more recently,
added gay and bisexual members, including the president of the
militant Gay Activist Alliance, a man by the name of Miles.
But women, the Bones alumni have strenuously insisted, are
different. When a rambunctious Seventies class of Bones proposed
tapping the best and brightest of the new Yale women, the officers
of the Russell Trust Association threatened to bar that class from
the tomb and change the locks if they dared. They didn't.
The sort of thing is what persuaded the person I am meeting with
late tonight - and a number of other persons - to talk about what
goes on inside: after all, isn't the core of the Bones group
experience the betrayal of their loved ones' secrets? Measure for
measure.


George Bush,
Skull & Bones
and the New World Order

Paul Goldstein
Jeffrey Steinberg
George Bush,
Skull & Bones
and the New World Order
A
NEW AMERICAN VIEW-
INTERNATIONAL EDITION
WHITE PAPER
April 1991

INTRODUCTION

This special report is intended to assist the Japanese audience in more
fully understanding the present policies of the United States under the
administration of President George Bush. It explains the thinking behind
America's military adventure in the Persian Gulf and its current attitudes
toward the Middle East region.
In so doing, we provide a glimpse into the most powerful organization
in America-the Order of Skull & Bones. This secret fraternity is based at
Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where many of the leading members
of the U.S. govemment and the American intelligence community received their formal education. The Order, as it is referred to by its members, is a
bastion of White Anglo Saxon Protestant (WASP) culture, which is at the core of the American 20th century outlook.
The reader will learn that President George Herbert Walker Bush's
concept of the New World Order is an old idea, one which has its origins in
the philosophy and beliefs of the secret Skull & Bones fraternity. Today in
particular, this is the prevailing outlook of the U.S. government, many of
whose most influential members, like the president himself, are part of the Skull & Bones network. These men seek to recreate the American imperium of the immediate post-World War II period, an era which President Bush frequently refers to as "the American Century."
The powerful men of Skull & Bones genuinely believe that they have a strategic and moral "right" to control world affairs. Consequently, they take upon themselves the authority to crush any rivalrous threat to U.S. imperial leadership, whether by current allies, such as Japan, Germany or Great Britain, or by Cold War adversaries, like the Soviet Union. The members of the Order, due to their narrow WASP upbringing, view with particular suspicion the maneuverings of Zionist Israel and its affluent, influential lobby in the United States.
Bush, his fellow Bonesmen and their like-thinking elitist allies in the
American Establishment see themselves as New World Order warriors, an
American samurai caste of sorts, whose mission is restoring Ameriean
greatness. They intend to utilize the institutional networks of the U.S.
government and key private agencies, such as the New York Council on Foreign Relations. to advance their purpose.
The Skull & Bones mernbers believe in the idea of "construclive chaos".
By keeping their true policy intentions secret, by constantly sending out
mixed signals on all critical policy issues, they consciously seek to sow
confusion among both their nominal "friends" and "enemies alike.
The fulcrum for the policy of constructive chaos is, at present, the
Middle East situation. Although U.S. military action in the region has for
the time being subsided, America's military power will remain a critical
determinant in the future of that vital zone of conflict. American military
power is aimed at securing undisputed control over the vast reservoir of
oil-not at necessarily fostering any permanent alignment of local states or
combinations of regional interests.
If President George Bush and his fellow true believers are successful.
the United States will be first among equals in the New World Order. This is their goal. It is also the quest of the Bonesmen of the Order of Skull &
Bones-America's warrior aristocracy.

George Bush,
Skull & Bones
and the New World Order

THE ORDER OF SKULL & BONES

Skull & Bones was founded at Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut in 1832. It is the oldest and most prestigious of Yale's seven secret societies. Among the others are: Scroll & Key, Book & Snake, Wolf's Head, Eliahu, and Berzelius. These fraternities serve as a recruiting ground for young men destined for careers in government, law, finance and other influential sectors of American life. Skull & Bones is the elite of the elite among these secret societies. Only Scroll & Key can claim a near equal influence on American affairs over the past 160 years.
Unlike the Greek fraternities on most other American university
campuses, Skull & Bones and its similar secret societies exist exclusively at Yale. They are not part of any nationwide public association. The other elite Ivy League colleges, Harvard and Princeton have similar e~clusive secret societies. Yet, even among these few universities, the secret societies of Yale-led by Skull & Bones-are unchallenged in their influence on American political affairs.
According to some accounts, the Skull & Bones secret society at Yale
has an underground affiliation with two other societies which were
simultaneously founded at two other locations. The number "322" that appears under the skull and crossbones on the Order's emblem is believed to indicate the year of its founding-1832-and the fact that it is the second lodge within an international system. By some accounts, the lodge holding the number "1" is in Germany and the lodge numbered "3" is based at another American college.
Since its founding, Skull & Bones has only inducted about 2,500
members. At any given time, only about 600 or so members of the Order are alive. This small number underscores the tremendous concentration of power in the hands of its members.
If the members of Skull & Bones were to select a Hall of Fame from
among their own elite ranks, some of the people whose names would almost certainly appear at the top of the list would be:
* Alphonso Taft, a founding member of the Order who served as the
Secretary of War under President Rutherford B. Hayes (1876-1880).
* William Howard Taft, the only man to ever serve as both the
President of and Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
* Henry Lewis Stimson, partner in the Wall Street law firm of Root and Stimson, Secretary of War under President Taft (1908-1912), Governor General of the Philippines (1926-1928), Secretary of State under President Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) and Secretary of War under Presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (1940-1946).
* Averell Harriman, investment banker with Brown Brothers Harriman, director of the Lend-Lease program of the U.S. State Department (1941-1942), U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1943-1946), Governor of New York, Under Secretary of State for Asia (1961-1963), and presidential secret envoy to Soviet leaders Stalin, Krushchev, Brezhnev and Andropov.
* Robert Lovett, partner in Brown Brothers Harriman, Assistant
Secretary of War for Air (1941-1945), Deputy Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Defense (1950), leading member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations.
* Harold Stanley, investment banker, founder of Morgan Stanley.
* Robert A. Taft, United States Senator (1938-1950).
* Prescott Bush, investment banker and partner in Brown Brothers
Harriman, United States Senator from Connecticut, father of George Herbert Walker Bush

* George Herbert Walker Bush, United States Congressman (1964-1970), Chairman of the Republican National Committee, United States Ambassador to the United Nations, first American Diplomatic Liaison to the Peoples Republic of China, Director of the Central Intelligence Ageney (1975-1977). Vice President of the United States (1980-1988), President of the United States (1988- ).
* John Thomas Daniels, agro-industnalist, founder of Archer Daniels
Midland.
* Hugh Wilson, foreign service officer, Counsellor to Japan (1911-
1921), U.S. Minister to Switzerland (1924-1927), Assistant Secretary of State (1937-1938). Ambassador to Germany 1938), Special Assistant to the Secretary of State (1939-1941), Office of Strategic Services (1941-1945)
The members of the Order of Skull & Bones, true to their firm belief
in "constructive confusion," have intentionallv allowed a series of
conflicting mythologies to spring up about the origins and history of their
secret fraternity. According to one version of the Order's founding, it was an outgrowth of an earlier British or Scottish freemasonic grouping first established at All Soul s College at Oxford University in the late 17th century. Another version of the history of Skull & Bones is that it grew out of the German "nationalistic" secret .societies of the early 19th century. Still a third explanation is that Skull & Bon~s is an uniquely American institution which adopted some of the rituals of European freemasonry, but molded these rituals and beliefs into a new form.
Regardless of these conflicting accounts, it can be stated with
certainty that the Order was first established on the Yale campus in 1832 It was officially incorporated only in 1856 under the name Russell Trust
Association. According to virtually all the available biographical data on
its early members, the money required to sustain the secret order's campus affairs and its broader role in placing its members into key positions of influence upon their graduation from Yale, derived from the opium trade in the Far East. That trade was set up by the British East India Company and was flourishing by the time the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 ending the American War for Independence. The East India Company during this period was controlled by the Baring Brothers Bankt (Toward the closing decades of the 17th century, the British House of Rothschild would supplant the Baring Brothers as the controlling financial interests in the China opium trade.
Through the sponsorship of the Barings and also the Rothschilds, a
number of leading New England families, some of whom had sided with Great Britain during the American Revolution, were brought into the opium trade as junior partners. These merchant families ran fleets of clipper ships and became in many cases fabulously wealthy as the result of their asscoiation with the British East India Company. Among these key New England merchant families were; Cabot, Coolidge, Forbes, Higginson, Sturgis, Lodge, Lowell, Perkins and Russell.
These New England merchant families founded the United Fruit Company and the Bank of Boston. The founding families of Skull & Bones included the Russell and Perkins families, Over several generations, however, all these families heavily intemarried and became, in effect, one extended power grouping.
William Huntington Russell incorporated Skull & Bones as the Russell
Trust Association. Throughout the 20th century, the Russell Trust Association listed the New York City headquarters of Brown Brothers Harriman as its address.
Russell was valedictorian of his class at Yale in 1833. He and his Skull & Bones comrades considered themselves to be a special elite among the merchant banking and Puritan pilgrim elite of Yale. They took the Puritan beliefs of the early New England settlers, that they were "elected by God," and pre-ordained to rule North America.
The founding of Yale College in 1701 pre-dates the Amencan Revolution by several generations. Many of the founders of Yale were righteous men of the Puritan heritage who devoutly believed in God and country. Some of these patriotic souls later made up the core of Benjamin Franklin's political coalition which ultimately broke with the mother country, Great Britain. Many graduates of Yale were active in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States.
Two critics of the Order, historian Antony Sutton and investigative
journalist Ron Rosenbaum (himself a Yale graduate), both concluded that Skull & Bones has degenerated since its founding and has taken on more of the occult and ritualistic trappings of the majority of European freemasonic and illuminati secret societies. Sutton charges that the Order is secretly known among its initiates as the "Brotherhood of Death" and has become an evil instrument in the hands of America's secret power elite. Rosenbaum claims that the society's Germanic origins are inherently wicked and pre-Nazi.
In a long 1977 article in Esquire magazine, Rosenbaum charged that the Skull & Bones building on the Yale campus houses remnants from Hitler's private collection of silver. While these stories cannot be dismissed out of hand, it must be noted that authors Rosenbaum and Sutton may be biased. As a young Jewish student at Yale, Rosenbaum was almost automatically excluded on religious grounds from the inner sanctum of the campus's secret societies. Sutton, a British-born eccentric historian, proudly admits his strong British biases, frequently citing philosopher John Stuart Mill as the spiritual mentor in his book on the Order.
Despite the possible personal biases in these two accounts of the
history of the Order of Skull & Bones, it must be acknowledged that the
membership of the society has tended over generations to converge upon a small group of New England families who have intermarried and then sponsored their sons and nephews into the Order. This kind of inbreeding always tends to produce narrow-mindedness and prejudice against outsiders, which can be a serious shortcoming, particularly among individuals responsible for charting the course of a nation as powerful as the United States.
It can be documented by comparing the family charts of the early
Bonesmen that there is today a core group of no more than 20 to 30 families who form the nucleus of the Order. The majority are old-line Puritan families who came to North America in the very first wave of settlers in the 17th century. Among these prominent families are: Whitney, Lord, Phelps. Wadsworth, Allen, Bllndy, Adams, Stimson, Taft, Gilman and Perkins. A second group of families in the Skull & Bones core earned fabulous fortunes during the 18th and 19th centuries and thus won a rite of passage into the New England elite, even though they were not among the earliest settlers. The leading Skull & Bones families in this second category are: Harriman, Rockefeller, Payne, Davison, Pillsbury and Weyerhauser.
A few of the Jewish banking families who made their way from Germany to the United States during the 18th and l9th centuries were eventually granted limited access to the WASP inner sanctums. Some families, like the Schiff, Warburg, Guggenheim and Meyer families, were unofficially designated as intermediaries between the New England WASPs and their cousins in London.
This was especially true after the Rothschild interests supplanted the
Anglican Baring group as the most powerful financial cabal in the City of
London. Some of these German Jewish families became so absorbed into the WASP or Anglican society that they eventually converted from Judaism to Protestantism and were gradually ostracized from the Jewish aristocracy.
The WASP families, however, never saw the prominent Jewish investment banking families of America as equals. The Jews were considered politically and cultrally different by the WASPs, and have never been accepted into the latter's inner circle. For the most part, these Jewish merchant bankers are viewed with suspicion and distrust by the members of the Order. Moreover, the Jewish fraternal societies, such as B'nai B'rith, were formed out of the British-based Scottish Rite Freemasonry. Their sponsors in America, the Rothschilds and the Cecil Rhodes Trust (also known as the British Round Table Group), are connected with the British Foreign Office and its secret intelligence apparatus.

INITIATION AND RITUAL

To be initiated into the Order of Skull & Bones, one must endure a
ritual of selection called "tapping". It is conducted by 15 senior classmen
of Yale University who make up the current membership of the secret society. They select 15 members of the junior class to be the Bonesmen the following year. Historically, Skull & Bones kept blacks, jews and all other non-WASPs from its ranks. Within the last 30 years, however, token members from these groups have been occasionally selected to join. Thus, in the most recent list of initiates to the Order, there is one Yalie with a Jewish surname and even one with a Chinese name. According to author Rosenbaum, in recent years, the Order has inducted members of homosexual rights groups on the campus into its ranks.
Among the criterion for selection-apart from family ties to the order,
which has always been an important factor-is what is referred to by
historians and members as the "Three Ordeals." These ordeals are intended to measure the prospective Bonesman's ability to "make it" in the world beyond the university campus.
The first ordeal is boarding school. The overwhelming majority of
Bonesmen, given their wealthy bueblood family pedigrees, attend one of the prestigious New England preparatory schools, i.e, private high schools. (Whereas a large number of the most elite of the Harvard University students attend Groton, a school with close ties to the Anglican-Episcopal Church, where they receive a thoroughly Anglophilic education, the preferred prep schools for the future Bonesmen are the two Puritan Calvinist-sponsored Phillips Academies.)
The second of the ordeals is that of nature. The prospective Bonesmen are judged on their skills as outdoorsmen. Hunting in the New England countryside or, better yet, traveling to distant locations like Africa, the jungles of South America or even the American badlands of the Plains states, is a prerequisite for admission to the Spartan elite ranks of the Order.
The third of the ordeals is war. The experience of combat during
wartime is considered to be of special significance for the Bonesmen, who see themselves as the elite of the New England WASP warrior caste. Many Yale Bonesmen of President George Bush's generation, as the result of the outbreak of World War II, went directly from prep school into the military service prior to their entering Yale. For a majority of Bonesmen, the preferred military service has historically been with thc U S Navy. During World II the Naval air corp was a particularly important track for future Bones initiates. In peacetime, participation at Yale in military officer's training is desirable but not essential. The commitment to enter some branch of the military upon graduation is viewed with favor.
After the formal selection of the next group of prospective Bonesmen,
there is an invitation followed by a formal initiation ceremony. First the 15
senior class members who are the members of the Order select a group of junior class members who are to be "tapped" for Skull & Bones. A group of Bonesmen proceed to the dormitory room of the "tappee." Upon reaching the door, they pound loudly. When the prospective member opens the door, a Bonesman will tap him on the shoulder and yell, "Skull and Bones: Do you accept?" If the candidate accepts, a message wrapped with a black ribbon sealed by black wax with the skull and crossbones emblem and the mystical Bones number 322 is handed to the "tappee." The message appoints a time and a place for the candidate to appear on initiation night. Candidates are instructed to wear no metal objects or clothing.
According to a 1940 Skull & Bones document, the initiation ceremony
involves the following kinds of things: "New man placed in coffln-carried
into central part of building. New man chanted over and reborn into society.
Removed from coffin and given robes with symbols on it. A bone with his name on it is tossed into the bone heap at the start of every meeting."
Within the Skull & Bones Crypt, also known as "the Tomb," there is what is referred to as a "sacred room" with the number 322, On the arched wall about the vault entrance is inscribed in German: "Who was the fool, who was the wise man, beggar or king? Whether poor or rich, all's the same in death."
This quotation from a German Freemasonic ritual remains a source of
controversy surrounding the origins of Skull & Bones. It is one of the bits
of "evidence" cited by some of the Order's most ardent critics that the group is "Nazi like" and singularly "Germanic". In fact, the rituals of the Order are very much like the rituals employed by Scottish and English freemasonic lodges.
Some of the mystery and confusion surrounding these occult symbols and rituals is intentionally fostered by the Order itself. Among the principles taught to the members of the Yale secret society are the value of ambiguity and secrecy. These values are not taught as part of a purely mystical or occult quasi-religion. They are taught as valuable tools to be applied by the Bonesmen when they leave the insulated environment of Ihe Yale campus and become officials of government, the intelligence community, the military or the private sector.
A careful study of the often confusing and self-contradictory behavior
and public statements of President Bush and his closest advisers throughout the months of the Persian Gulf crisis of last year and war that followed offers a valuable example of how ambiguity and secrecy are applied by Bonesmen.
For the initiates of the Order, the question of whether secrecy and
ambiguity are used for the purpose of accomplishing "good" or "evil" is of
secondary importance. Secrecy and ambiguity are essential instruments for wielding power. The effective wielding of power is one of the overarching goals of all Bonesmen. The secret ties built up during the Bonesmen's senior year of active membership in the Order are maintained for life. Those ties link each Bonesman to every other initiate, especially to those initiates who were members of the Order in the same year.
Thus, every member of Skull & Bones is, in real and practical terms,
part of a small elite group of young Yale graduates-most from wealthy and powerful WASP families-who enter the world of politics, business, finance, intelligence or education and who proceed to make their mark on the world.
According to several sources, President George Bush to this day
frequently consults with several of his fellow Yale Bonesmen, and has, on
occasion, called upon Skull & Bones members to carry out secret diplomatic missions for the White House.

THE SPARTAN MODE
These rites of passage into the upper ranks of the WASP Establishment are capped by the expeirence the Bonesmen go through in their final year at Yale-the year in which they actively participate in the Order. For the vast majority of the initiates, the process of inculcation with the ideas of WASP supremacy, an American Calvinist version of what British imperialist writer Rudyard Kipling called the "White Man's Burden," began at prep school.
According to the biographical accounts of a number of the leading
Bonesmen, the prep school experience is paramount. At prep school,
intellectual pursuits are encouraged, but special emphasis is also placed on athletic performance. Future Yale Bonesmen are expected to excel in some team sport, such as baseball and football, both American inventions. (Members of Skull & Bones were involved in the development of both games.) Team sports supposedly prepare the future Bonesman to accept leadership responsibility, and more importantly, teach him to "respect the rules of the game."
According to one biographer, when George Bush was a Yale undergraduate he was a member of the university baseball team. Although he was apparently not a very good baseball player, he eventually became captain of the Yale team. One day during the Yale baseball season, he excitedly visited his mother to proudly proclaim that he had hit his first home run. She reportedly looked back at him with patrician coolness, and asked, "Yes, George, but did your team win the game?"
The particular emphasis on team sports during the prep school and Yale years is, according to several historians, part of the Spartan training that is so essential to the Skull & Bones philosophy. In the world of Skull & Bones, one of the greatest virtues is the ability to steer the nation into
war and to successfully prosecute the war.
To the Bonesmen, the use of military power is a natural and essential
corollary to political power. The Bonesmen are taught that, although ideas
have their place, to truly transform history, military force is almost always
required. Critics of the Order have pointed out that this philosophy of power and the imperial use of military force comes straight from the chronicles of the Roman Empire-especially the Roman Empire during its phase of decline and collapse.
The criticism may prove to be most prophetically true of the current
generation of Bonesmen who are leading the United States under the presidency of George Bush. During the final phase of the Roman Empire, legions were deployed out around the world to conquer and subjugate vast territories, while back in Rome, there was a breakdown, a crisis in which the entire social and cultural fabric of the early Roman republic was eroding and giving way to something akin to the drug, rock-sex counterculture of today. The Roman imperial policy of attempting to gloss over the decadence at home-by engaging in constant wars of expansion led ultimately to the total collapse of Rome.
In this regard, the Spartan-Roman imperial outlook of the American WASP warrior caste, exemplified by Skull & Bones, cannot be precisely compared to the Japanese samurai code of Bushido. The Japanese Bushido code emphasized honor among the warriors and presumed a fundamentally moral or ethical vision of the world.
No such emphasis on morality and honor exists in the code of Skull &
Bones. On the contrary, the Skull & Bones philosophy, according to several of its most astute critics and historians, emphasises the "double-cross system."
The "double-cross" is symbolically represented by the crossbones on the
emblem of the Order. According to this philosophy, anyone who is not an
initiate is inferior, and can be lied to and manipulated to further the power
of the WASP Establishment. To the extent that Japanese leaders view their American WASP counterparts as men of honor whose word is sacred and wbose intentions are presumed to be virtuous, they will miss the fundamental character of the American imperium. This is of special importance today, with a leading member of the Skull & Bones system occupying the White House.
Skull & Bones philosophy first manifested itself at the American
national political level in the late l9th century. At that time, the men of
the Order adopted all the critical features of the British imperial system,
especially the belief in the Anglo Saxon God-given right to rule over all the other races. Even countries like Japan, which were never colonial possessions
of the Anglo-American combination, were viewed as inferior nations to be
treated no differently from the colonies in Africa. India or Latin America.
In 1898, President William McKinley, one of the last of the American
presidents to manifest any of the early republican (anti-British imperialism) traditions of the Founding Fathers, was under enormous pressure from the Skull & Bones-led American imperialists Eventually, he went to war against Spain to "free" Cuba and seize the Philippines This was the first time that the United States entered a war through devious manipulation and purely in order to expand its territories It marked the beginning of a new epoch in American history which would forever alter the vision of the United States. It was the first evidence that the men of the Order were at the helm of the ship of state.
President McKinley's capitulation to the WASP warriors would prove to
be fatal to himself and, some would say, for his country, too. The
Spanish-American War of 1898 catapulted the Skull & Bnes crowd into a
position of dominance within the Republican Party. At the 1900 party
presidential nominating convention, McKinley was forced to accept Teddy
Roosevelt as his vice presidential running mate. The McKinley-Roosevelt slate was swept into office, in part as the result of the jingoist climate built up by the just-concluded Spanish-American War Those circumstances were not all that-different from the mood that prevails in America in the aftermath of the Gulf War of 1991.
Within months of his inauguration of 1901, President McKinley was
assassinated by an anarchist while traveling through Buffalo, New York. Thus, Teddy Roosevelt became president, and the Order of Skull & Bones for the first time moved into the White House. Roosevelt surrounded himself with Bonesmen. His successor in 1908, William Howard Taft, was himself a second generation member of Skull & Bones.

HENRY STIMSON: MASTER BONESMAN

According to a January 1991 article by the Washington syndicated
columnists Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, when President George Bush was making his final decision to use military force to crush Saddam Hussein and decimate Iraq, he spent most of the Christmas holidays closeted at Camp David reading a newly published biography of one of his true heroes, fellow Skull & Bones initiate Henry Stimson. While most White House advisers thought that the gulf crisis would be ultimately resolved through diplomacy, unbeknownst to them, President Bush had already decided on the use of devastating military force-regardless of what measures the world community or the Iraqi leaders took to avert war. Intimate Bush advisers described the president as being in a "mesmerized" state of mind as he walked around the presidential
retreat in the Maryland mountains with his Stimson biography, The Colonel:
The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson, under his arm at all times.
Indeed, for most contemporary Bonesmen, Henry Lewis Stimson, the
quintessential WASP warrior, was the very personification of the Order's full ascent to power during the period of World War II.
A member of the Order's class of 1888, Stimson served seven U.S.
presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft (a fellow Bonesman), Woodrow Wilson, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S Truman. As the Secretary of War under FDR and Truman, Stimson oversaw the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb. Stimson personally decided on the use of that devastating weapon against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Years earlier, as the chairman of the American delegation at the London Naval Conference and as Secretary of State under President Hoover (1929-1933), Stimson had played a pivotal role in restricting the size of the Japanese Imperial Navy. He would be an architect of the FDR 's administration's economic provocations against Japan which
ultimately helped induce Japan into the attack at Pearl Harbor, thus bringing the United States formally into World War II.And Stimson was also ultimately responsible for the FDR administration's decision to intern the Nisei (Japanese-Americans) after Pearl Harbor.
Yet, it was also Stimson who ordered American bombers to refrain from attacking the old Japanese imperial capital of Kyoto, a city rich in religious and historical tradition and artifacts. And, according to at least one of Stimson's biographers, it was also "the Colonel" who decided at the close of the war that the Japanese emperor should not be deposed. His sensitivity to Japanese culture and the importance of allowing Japan to retain honor even in defeat is widely to his close adviser, Joseph Grew, a longtime U.S. ambassador to Japan and an accomplished historian. Whether this report of Stimson's involvement in the decision to maintain the emperor is accurate or whether it underplays the role of Gen. Douglas MacArthur, the fact remains certain that Stimson was the key policymaker overseeing the postwar occupations of both Japan and Germany.
To fully understand President George Bush's attitudes and policies
toward Japan, one must first appreciate the overarching influence that
Stimson had on the current occupant of the White House.
According to his British biographer Geofrey Hodgson, Sdmson's
membership in Skull & Bones was "the most important educational experience in his life." Unlike most of his fellow Bonesmen, Stimson earned his membership solely on the basis of his achievements at Yale-not through family money. His parents were not wealthy, although his forefathers did come to America as early Puritan colonists. But Stimson made up for his lack of financial credentials by his fierce competitive spirit. As he himself put it, the "idea of a struggle for prizes, so to speak, has always been one of the fundamental elements of my mind, and I can hardly conceive of what my feelings would be if I ever was put in a position or situation in life where there are no prizes to struggle for."
Although Stimson did not come from classic blueblood background, he
married into wealth and power. His wife, Mabel White, came from a prominent Establishment family with longstanding ties to the Order. Thus, upon graduation from law school, Stimson became a partner in the law firm of Eliahu Root, President Theodore Roosevelt's Secretary of War.
Although Stimson and Roosevelt would have a falling out in later years, early on Roosevelt and Root provided "the Colonel" with the critical
sponsorship and training required to succeed in the world of Establishment
politics. According to Stimson's biographers, Roosevelt would frequently
taunt the young Bonesman about the fact that he, unlike the president, had never been-in the military or fought in any wars. (Roosevelt had resigned as Under Secretary of the Navy to go off and fight in the Spanish-American War.)
Thus, at the ripe old age of 44, Stimson joined the Army during World War I and served in the American Expeditionary Force in Europe.
Among the other lasting interests that Roosevelt would pass on to
Stimson was his deep passion for the Pacific. Roosevelt was convinced that America's imperial destiny was dependent upon its domination of the Pacific Ocean and the Far East. The Spanish-American War, which marked the beginning of Ameriea's imperial phase-and the virtual abandonment of the republican principles upon which the nation had been founded-began the U.S. colonial occupation of the Philippines, which would continue through half of the next century. Ultimately, Stimson would himself serve as the American Governor General of the islands.
In 1900, Roosevelt wrote to Stimson: "Our people are neither craven nor weaklings, as we face the future high of heart and confident of soul, eager to do the great work of a great power . . . ~ wish to see the United States the dominant power on the Pacific Ocean."

STIMSON'S KINDERGARTEN
AND THE COLD WAR

Henry Stimson's towering influence on C;eorge Bush and many other
current members and like-thinking allies of the Order was based not only on "the Colonel's" lifetime of achievements. It was also rooted in the fact that Stimson used the World War II period to groom a successor generation of young WASP warriors who would dominate American policymaking during thc Cold War and beyond. Although not every member of what came to be known as the "Stimson's Kindergarten" was a member of Skull & Bones, or even a Yale graduate, many were. All were inculcated with the Skull & Bones philosophy and methodology of wielding power. It is through this alliance and patronage system that the influence of the Order has been extended far beyond its small membership roster.
Among the leading members of the "Stimson Kindergarten" were:
* John J. McCloy, who was Assistant Secretary of War and later served
as the High Commissioner for Germany during the postwar occupation.
* Robert Lovett, a member of Skull&Bones and a partner in the Order's
preeminent Wall Street investment house Brown Brothers Harriman. He became
Stimson's Assistant Secretary of War (Air Section). Lovett remained an
influential policymaker through the presidency of John F. Kennedy.
* Harvey Bundy, another Bonesman, who became Stimson's special
assistant at the War Department. Haryvey Bundy's two sons, McGeorge and William fresh out of Yale University and Skull & Bones, joined their father on Stimson's personal staff. McGeorge Bundy would co-author Stimson's memoirs In Active Service in Peace and War.
* Dean Acheson, Assistant Secretary of State, Yale graduate (he was not a member of the Order, but, rather, of one of the other Yale secret
societies, Scroll Key) and senior policy adviser to FDR and Truman, who
ultimately made him Secretary of State.
* Gen. George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff of the armed forces during World War II and later Truman's Secretary of State.
This group of high-powered policymakers of World War II and immediate post war period were known as the "Stimson-Marshall-Acheson Circle." They shaped America's Cold War containment policy against the Soviet Union and Communist China, including the involvement of the United States in the Korean War. It was also this group which, for better or worse, directed the postwar reconstruction programs in Germany and Japan.
Another influential member of Skull & Bones, Averell Harriman, was personally responsible for the sacking of Gen. Douglas MacArthur. It was Harriman, a banker, intriguer and former American Ambassador to Moscow, who convinced President Truman to fire MacArthur.
The predominant role that Averell Harriman would play over the course of 40 years of postwar Amencan policymaking underscores the fact that not all leading members of Skull & Bones share the identical policy outlook. While some members of the Stimson inner circle were critical of Harriman, whom they considered to be too personally ambitious (he was also a liberal imperial Democrat in a secret fraternity dominated historically by moderate
Republicans), Harriman nevertheless stands out as one of the Order's most active figures. The fact that he was a business partner and social intimate throughout his adult life of fellow Bonesm~n and Republican Sen. Prescott Bush Sr., the father of the current president underscores that point.
Henry Stimson died in 1950, leaving behind a core group of political offspring led by members of his old secret society, Skull & Bones. In the final years of his life he was involved in helping to shape a number of postwar government agencies which would become bastions of power and influence for the Order for years to come. Through this active role in
shaping the key institutions of the Cold War era, Stimson was able to establish a continuity of power that would more than compensate for the fact that no single figure among his "kindergarten" emerged as a clear successor, and that several, like McGeorge Bundy, would prove ultimately to be rather disappointing students.
The National Security Act of 1947 transformed Stimson's old War
Department into the Department of Defense, a sprawling civilian bureaucracy which would in future years house many of the most important members of the Order. Robert Lovett, for example, would become the Secretary of Defense in 1950. The 1947 act also established the Central Inte!ligence Agency (CIA) as the permnent successor to the wartime Office of Strategic Services (OSS). In the early 1950s, the State Department's Office of Policy Coordination was merged into the CIA, giving the secret agency total control of America's clandestine operations Th National Security Agency (NSA) also was established, under the direction of the Department of Defense, vastly expanding America's signal intelligence capability.
Of all these agencies of the Cold War era, the CIA would stand out as a singular power center for Yale University alumni in general and Skull & Bones initiates in particular. The term "spooks," the well-known CIA term for a clandestine operator, was originally Yale campus argot for a secret society member. According to a recently published article in the Covert Action Information Bulletin, there is reportedly a "Bones club" within the CIA which helps promote the intelligence careers of members of the Yale secret society.
It should be pointed out that bureaucratic standing is not a real
measure of power within the CIA. Very often, individuals in relatively
insignificant positions within the organizational chart wield tremendous
clout and maintain access to the most sensitive information and policy. Thus,
for example, the present U.S. Ambassaclor to Beijing, James Lilley, a member of Skull & Bones and a career CIA man, is being suggested to replace William Webster as Director of Central Intelligence. For Lilley to step in as director of CIA would at this moment represent a demotion for the senior field operator. It is, however, a demotion he might accept as a personal favor to fellow Bonesman and longtime intimate pal George Bush.
The predominance of Yale graduates inside the CIA is also a part of the Stimson legacy. During World War II, many Yale students and even several leading faculty memhers entered the OSS. The X-2 Branch of OSS, the counterintelligence unit, was dominated by Yale students, as well as Yale English Literature professor Norman Holmes Pearson. One of the Yale men in X-2, James Jesus Angleton, went on to a legendary career as director of the CIA's counterintelligence staff.
Yale Skull & Bonesman and Stimson "Kindergartener" William Bundy
assumed a senior post at CIA during the 1950s, as did Yale graduates Richard Bissell and Cord Meyer, and Yale professor Sherman Kent.
VIETNAM: THE BONESMEN'S DEBACLE

According to author David Halberstam's best-selling critique of the
Kennedy years, The Best and the Brightest, the JFK presidency marked the high point of Skull & Bones postwar power. But it also marked the beginning of the secret fraternity's fall from the position of unchallenged power, and the beginning of America's precipitous decline as a world power. All these factors are summed up in one word: Vietnam.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy's Cabinet was largely handpicked by Skull &
Bones elder statesman Robert Lovett, who was personally approached by Joseph Kennedy, the president's father, and asked to shape the direction of the new administration Lovett had been one of the architects of the World War II industrial mobilization under President Franklin Roosevelt, which helped bring the United States out of the Great Depression. He had been a factional opponent of Averell Harriman within the Skull & Bones circles, initially opposing the Cold War containment doctrine and pushing the idea of Atoms for Peace during the early years of the Eisenhower presidency (l952-1960).
Kennedy had personally asked Lovett to join his Cabinet, but Lovett, a partner in Brown Brothers Harriman, preferred to shun formal government service. Instead, he placed a number of younger Bonesmen into the critical posts. McGeorge Bundy was appointed Kennedy's National Security Adviser. Averell Hamman was made Under Secretary of State for Asian Affairs, a position that placed him in charge of many of the most critical decisions along the way to disaster in Vietnam. William Bundy remained in a senior post at CIA.
The decision to escalate the American military involvement in Vietnam-a rejection of Gen. Douglas MacArthur's prophetic warning that the United States should never engage in a ground war in Asia was made by members of the Order. According to some accounts, President Kennedy began to have senous second thoughts about escalating the war, particularly after several private Oval Office discussions with MacArthur.
With Kennedy's assassination, American soldiers began pouring into
Southeast Asia. Harriman remained a fixture of Vietnam policy under President Lyndon Baines Johnson. McGeorge Bundcy remained on as LBJ's National Security Adviser untill , when he left government service to assume the presidene; of theF ord Foundation, the largest tax-exempt philanthropic agency in the United States. The Ford Foundalion annually dispenses of nearly billion in grants.
In his capacity as president of the Ford Foundation, Bundy helped
finance the anti-Vietnam War movement. The National Student Mobilization Committee, the umbrella group for the entire New Left of the late 1960s and early 1970s, was led by David Dellinger, a Yale graduate. Episcopal Church activist William Sloan Coffin, a Bonesman, a second leading figure in the anti-war protest movement, had previously served as a CIA officer.
Thus, the Order had its hands in two critical elements of the policy
debacle of the second half of the 1960s. Some leading Bonesmen helped shape the disastrous limited war strategy in Vietnam, while other members of the Order, at least tacitly, contributed to the growth of the drug-rock-sex counterculture by nourishing the New Left soil from which it sprang.
As a result of the Vietnam debacle, the "Stimson Kindergarten"
literally drove itself out of the corridors of power which it had occupied
without challenge for the previous 20 years. With the election of Richard
Nixon as president of the United States in November 1968, a different team came into prominence. The politics of that team were personified by Henry A.
Kissinger, Nixon's National Security Adviser and Secretary of State.
In a May 1982 speech in London at the Chatham House headquarters of the Royal Institute for International Affairs, Kissinger boasted that he was an enthusiastic follower of the late British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and that throughout his years in senior government posts under Presidents Nixon and Gerald Ford (1974-1976), he had always consulted more frequently with his counterparts in the British Foreign Office than he had with officials of his own government.
Although Kissinger had enjoyed early patronage from McGeorge Bundy, when the Bonesman was Dean of Harvard University and Kennedy's NSC adviser, the Kissinger era marked a low point in Skull & Bone's government power. The Central Intelligence Agency, a hub of the Order's clout, was decimated by scandals that only compounded the damage done to the Agency as the result of its role in the Vietnam disaster.
According to some respected writers, for example, Jim Hougan, author of Secret Agenda), the CIA attempted to reverse the route by helping to bring down Richard Nixon in Watergate. There is significant evidence to bolster some of these accounts.
When Gerald Ford became president in August 1974 following Nixon's
resignation, Skull & Bones made a brief comeback. In what came to be known as the "Saturday Night Massacre," Ford, in the autumn of l975, removed Henry Kissinger from his post as NSC Adviser, replacing him with Gen. Brent Scowcroft. Kissinger ally James Schlesinger was fired as Secretary of Defense and replaced by Donald Rumsfeld. And CIA Director William Colby, who had dueled with Angleton, was fired and replaced by Skull & Bones member George Bush.
If these maneuvers were intended to be the first step in a more
ambitious comeback by the WASP warrior faction, the plan was short-circuited with the election in November 1976 of Jimmy Carter as president. It would really not be until the inauguration of George Bush as president in January 1989-a dozen years later-that Skull & Bones would resurface with the same degree of governmental power that it had enjoyed during the Stimson years.
George Bush's selection as Ronald Reagan's vice presidential running mate in the 1980 and 1984 elections was the transition back to that power.
Many things had gone wrong in the years since Vietnam to drive the
Bonesmen off the center stage. With more than a little input from Bonesmen like McGeorge Bundy and Averell Harriman, the United States had gone into a period of scientific, technological and industrial retreat. The Nixon decision on August 15, 1971 to remove the dollar from a fixed, gold-backed exchange rate system, had triggered a move toward double-digit inflation, urban decay, rising unemployment and soaring interest rates. The Kissinger-orchestrated Iranian-Middle East oil crisis in the early l970s had contributed to a rate of deindustrialization that ultimately transformed the United State from the biggest creditor nation in the world to the world's biggest debtor nation. According to estimates compiled around the time of George Bush's inauguration as president, the total U.S. internal indebtedness had skyrocketed to more than 12 trillion.
Moreover, the period of the 1970s and l980s had given rise to a new and powerful political-financial combination demanding a share of government clout. This new grouping, with its principle power bases in the U.S. Congress, in Hollywood and on Wall Street, was known as the Zionist lobby.
Although Jewish names had been prominent in the legal profession and on Wall Street since the founding of the American republic, in the aftemath of the 1967 Six-Day War between Israel and her Arab neighbors, Zionist power took on a whole different proportion. Again, Henry Kissinger~s position in the Nixon administration symbolized the fact that the pro-Israel lobby had moved in with a vengeancs. to the corridors of power in the nation's capital.
Even on Wall Street the 1970s and 1980s had seen a new generatian of Jewish financiers come into power, replacing their more cultured and Anglicized predecessors. The WASP Establishment had developed a tolerance of and working relationship with the largely German Jewish bankers known among themselves as "Our Crowd." The new upstart Wall Street Zionists, however, were viewed by the WASPs as a collection of gangsters.
If the Skull & Bonesmen needed a legitimate justification for reviving
their ever-present dislike of the East European Ashkenazic Jews, the Wall
Street Zionists whs became known as the so-called "New Crowd" provided them with all the excuses necessary. When Jonathan Jay Pollard, a Naval
intelligence analyst, was arrested in November 1985 and charged with spying for Israel against the United States, there


BUSH IN PROFILE
Unlike Averell Harriman, who reportedly coveted personal political
power and drew sharp criticism from some of his fellow Bonesmen, George Bush
has been a long-term "project" of Skull & Bones. The Bush presidency in real
and symbolic terms represents the-effort by the Order to restore the lost
spirit of the WASP warrior Henry Stimson. With the passage of time and the
decay of the WASP elite, the Bush presidency may yet prove to be a tragic
replay of past American dreams.
George Bush's career was sponsored every step of the way by Skull &
Bones members, mostly of his father's generation. Prescott Bush (Skull &
Bones Class of 1917), a Brown Brothers Harriman partner who would serve one
term in Congress as senator from Connecticut, sent George to the traditional
private preparatory school, Phillips Academy in Andover, New Hampshire, which
grooms young New England squires for later studies at Yale.
It was while finishing his prep school training at Andover that Bush
was first exposed to Henry Stimson. Reportedly, Stimson delivered a stirring
patriotic speech to the Phillips student body in l940 arguing forcefully for
American intervention in the war in Europe. Ironically, at that very moment
on the Yale campus, the majority of Skull & Bonesmen were leading the Ameriea
First movement, which opposed any such U.S. entanglement in Europe.
When war with Japan broke out a year later, George Bush enlisted in the
Navy and was trained as a pilot. He flew more than 50 missions before being
shot down in the Pacific. At Yale after the war, Bush captained the baseball
team and followed his father's footsteps into the Order.
Political legends have it that George Bush shunned his family's
patronage and went off on his own to launch a business career as an oil
wildcatter, or speculator, in Texas. Nothing could be farther from the truth.
Bush moved to Texas to work for Dresser Industries selling oil drilling
equipment. The job was arranged for him by his father with Dresser president
Neil Mallon, who was a fellow member of Skull Bones. Desser, according to
several sources, had close ties with the CIA.
After a few years with Dresser, George Bush set up his own company,
Zapata Oil, to explore new oil fields in Texas and Mexico. Again, Bush was
heavily backed by member of his family. Uncle George Herbert Walker, also a
Skull & Bonesman, put up a large amount of capital, as did Brown Brothers
Harriman. Lazard Brothers, a Jewish brokerage house with longstanding
friendly ties to the New England WASPs, put up some money as well, at the
urging of Andre Meyer, the owner of the Washingtor. Post Corporation and the
father of the current Post publisher Kathanne Graham. Zapata Oil sunk the
first offshore well for the Kuwaiti government.
Even with that kind of backing, George Bush was less than a success as
a businessman. In 1964, a longtime Bush friend, William Farrish III of
Scotland, bought the majority of shares in Zapata for .2 million to keep
the business afloat, while George, in a major career shift, ran for U.S.
Congress from a wealthy district in Houston, Texas. He won.
During his three terms in Congress (Bush lost the 1970 Senate race to
Lloyd Bentsen), George Bush distinguished himself as an advocate of zero
population growth and a defender of the eugenics movement. Both of these
positions, radical for their day, were probably the result of Bush's close
friendship with William Draper Jr.-a fellow Bonesman and a longtime advocate
of population reduction schemes in the Third World.
The 1970s were for George Bush years of grooming in high-level politics
and foreign policy. During the Nixon re-election campaign of 1972, George
Bush was the chairman of the Republican National Committee. He later joined
the chorus calling for Nixon's resignation. After a tour as the U.S.
Ambassador to the United Nations, Bush was sent off to Communist China as the
Chief Liaison Officer prior to the formalization of diplomatic relations.
Bush shared the Beijing experience with Winston Lord, a fellow Skull & Bones
member who was the CIA station chief. Lord went on to become president of the
New York Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) in 1983. (The Lord family founded
the city of Hartford, Connecticut, has a large number of Skull & Bones
members on its family tree, and set up one of the most powerful old-line Wall
Street law firms, Lord Day Lord.) In 1975, George Bush completed his
"grooming" with a brief stint as Gerald Ford's CIA director.

In 1980, Bush ran a short-lived campaign against Ronald Reagan for the
Republican Party's presidential nomination. Future running mate Reagan cut
short Bush's 1980 presidential hopes by defeating him soundly in the primary
election in New Hampshire, in the heart of New England. Reagan blasted Bush
for his membership in the internationalist Trilateral Commission, which had
attained notoriety because 20 members of the unpopular Carter administration
had served on the commission. Bush's campaign was otherwise noteworthy
beceause a significant number of his campaign volunteers were CIA officials;
his campaign organization was directed by six top Agency and Pentagon
retirees.
THE ORDER'S NETWORK

With Bush in the White House, the WASP Establishment is seeking to
reconquer lost territory, not only within the domain of national politics,
but within the financial community, the legal profession and big business. A
struggle between some elements of the WASP crowd and the Jewish "New Crowd"
on Wall Street has been playing out in the newspapers and federal courts for
the past six years, beginning with the criminal indictments of junk bond
dealers Ivan Boesky and Michael Milken and the bankrupting and criminal
prosecuting of the powerful Zionist-run brokerage house Drexel Rurnham
Lambert.
To some extent these wars reflect the kind of scramble that always
takes place during a financial crisis and shakeout, when certain formerly
powerful financial institutions are wiped out and others profit from their
rivals' adversity. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the House of
Morgan came out on top. Not coincidentally, Morgan Guaranty Trust and Morgan
Stanley have been cornerstones of the Skull & Bones grouping on Wall Street
since their founding duling the last century. Founding partner Harold Stanley
was a Bonesman.
One hub of the Order's postwar economic power, the major multinational
oil corporations, have clearly benefited greatly from President Bush's
"charming little colonial war" in the Persian Gulf. The leading oil companies
which are linked to the Order are: Standard Oil Trust Corporation, Shell Oil
of America, Creole Petroleum Corporation and Pennzoil Corporation. The
founder and present chairman of the board of Pennzoil started out in the oil
business in partnership with George Bush in Zapata Oil. It is interesting to
note in the context of the Bonesmen's deep involvement in the world petroleum
business that George Bush, during his early days as a Texas oilman, had
worked closely with the Kuwaitis.
Eight major Wall Street and Washington, D.C. law firms stand out as
practically wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Order of Skull & Bones. Each of
these firms was founded by members of the Order, and each of these firms
continues to provide up-and-coming- Order initiates in the legal community
with training, credentials and connections. A review of the major corporate
clients of these firms would reveal many of the most powerful companies among
the Fortune 500.
The Skull & Bones law firms are:
* Lord Day Lord
* Davis Polk Wardwell
* Simpson Thacher Bartlett
* Debevoise Pli,npton Lyons & Gates
* Cravath Swaine & Moore
* Covington & Burling
* Dewey Ballantine Palmer & Woods
* Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy.
In addition to their corporate clientele and their direct involvement
in government through the frequent appointment of partners to Cabinet posts,
these firms also specialize in handling the personal financial affairs and
investment portfolios of the leading WASP families. In this respect, the
Skull & Bones-centered WASP Establishment imitates the Venetian model.
During'the height of power of Venice, which was the trading capital of the
Byzantine Empire, the leading families used their personal wealth to
establish insurance companies, family funds and cultural programs through
which they extended their political power.
Today, the prominent law firms listed above play a speclialrole in
directing the affairs of the leading tax-exempt foundations which shape the
culture and public opinion of the United States and many foreign countries.
We have already-seen that McGeorge Bundy, a leading Bonesman, left his
position as National Security Adviser to President Lyndon Johnson in 1966
assume the presidency of the Ford Foundation. During the nearly two decades
that Bundy'spent directing the billion tax-exempt fund, he arguably
wielded more power than he did during his six years as the National Security
Adviser to two presidents. Under the Bundy reign the Ford Foundation spent
hundreds'of millions of dollars to launch the environmentalist' movement and
funded scores of projects devoted to population reduction in the Third World.
From its early decades, the Order has concentrated much of its efforts
at establishing, controlling and, in some instances, capturing the major
tax-exempt philanthropic foundations of America. The Russell Sage Foundation,
which specializes in "social control" programs, was founded by Bonesmen.
Among the leading functions of the Russell Sage Foundation today is the
maintaining of a centralized tracking of the finances of all the large
tax-exempt foundations in the United States. The Peabody Foundation, the
Slater Foundation and several of the Rockefeller foundations were all either
started by members of the Order or haw been dominated by Bonesmen from their
inception. Other major family funds, like the Ford Foundation and the
Carnegie Endowment, were wrestled from family control by the Skull & Bones
apparatus. During the tenure of McGeorge Bundy, two members of the Ford
family resigned from the Ford Foundation in disgust over the direction in
which Bundy had taken the philanthropic agency.
THE NEW WORLD ORDER

Between 1983-1986, the British-born conspiracy theorist Antony Sutton
wrote a series of pamphlets about the Order of Skull & Bones. According to
informed sources, Sutton was one of several historians who were provided with
a large file of the Order's internal documents, including minutes of some
meetings, descriptions of rituals, and what would appear to be a rather
complete list of its members from its founding through to the early 1980s.
The short pamphlets were compiled into one volume and published as a book in
1986.
For someone closely following the just-concluded Persian Gulf War and
attempting to gain some insight into George Bush's performance during that
largely orchestrated affair, one recurring theme in the Sutton volume stands
out like a sore thumb: the New World Order.
According to the Skull & Bones documents used by Sutton in his somewhat
flawed profile of the Order, the creation of a New World Order is a primary
goal of the Bonesmen and has been for decades. For the initiates into the
Order, the term New World Order has a very specific meaning.
It is a world dominated by American military power and American control
over all strategic raw materials. Just as the Greek city-state of Sparta
provided the Skull & Bones with the image of a WASP warrior caste, the
Persiain Empire, with its system of coalitions of satrap armies, provides the
model for the Bonesmen's New World Order. The image of Secretary of State
James A. Baker III traveling from foreign capital to foreign
capital-demanding military legions or chests of gold to finance the war for a
New World Order is an image straight out of the chronicles of the Persian
Empire.
According to the recent biography of Henry Stimson, the man who
inspired President Bush was firmly convinced, that it was essential for
America to go to war once every generation or so. It was, for Stimson, a
spiritually cleansing process which enables the nation to rally behind a
cause and overcome its weaknesses and shortcomings in one grand burst of
military fervor. The romantic mystique of the purgative powers of combat is
key to understanding the politcal philosophy of Skull & Bones.
Although America's Vietnam debacle remains a bitter memory of the
Bonesmen's failure in war, the recent Persian Gulf conflict, with its
massive overkill and the use of highly advanced weapons and technologies, is
now the new glorious symbol of the WASP warrior caste's reincarnation. When
President Bush vowed that the Gulf War would not be another Vietnam," he was
speaking first and foremost to his fellow Bonesmen-not to the American
people..If such thinking smacks of dangerous fantasy on the part of a major
world power in the modern era, it is indeed.
On a more practical political level, the Gulf War was a gambit to save
the Bush presidency from a mountinng pile of domestic financial woes, not the
least of which was the savings andloan (S&L) crisis and a pending series of
failures of major
commercial banks. In the months preceding the gulf showdown, the prsident's
own son, Neil Bush, came under intense media scrutiny for his role in the
failure of a large
S&L in Colorado. Neil's photograph, testifying under oath before a
congressional committee probing fraud among top S&L manager's, became a
familiar front-page feature in every major newspaper in America, threatening
dangerous popular disillusion with the Yale Bonesman in the White House.
With a U.S. federal government deficit projected at nearly a half a trillion
dollars for Fiscal Year 1991, in large part because of the S&L crisis and a
shrinking business tax base, the Democratic Party majority in the U S
Congress was pressing for deep cutbacks in defense spending now that the Cold
War had ended.
On the international stage, the reunification of Germany, clearly the
most dramatic event of 1990, posed new challenges to the Bush team. Germany
was about to emerge as the dominant power in continental Europe by virtue of
its advanced industrial infrastructure and its long tradition of independent
political dealings with Moscow. Just months before the outbreak of the gulf
crisis, Germany's Chancellor Helmut Kohl had met with Soviet President
Mikhail Gorbachev and signed a long term economic assistance pact. As a
result, Gorbachev dropped all remaining objections to the immediate
reunification of Germany.
At that point, the Bush administration changed its tactics. Previously,
in sharp contrast to the Thatcher government in Great Britain, it had been
nominally in favor of German reunification. But at the Houston economic
summit of the Group of Seven Industrialized Countries in the summer of 1990,
the United States blocked (with Britain) Germany's plan of unconditional
economic aid to the Soviet Union. President Bush took the position that the
Soviet Union must submit to International Monetary Fund requisites as a
precondition for any substantive economic assistance
In the Far East, Japan's continuing growth in manufacturing also posed
a threat to Washington's desire to retain superpower status If President Bush
and his Bonesmen coterie were unaware of a stunning historical analogy, their
British "cousins" were quick to pick up on the parallels between the global
strategic situation in July 1990 and the identical intemational situation
that existed 100 years earlier.
In the 1890s, France, under the brilliant political leadership of
Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanataux, was attempting to forge a Eurasian
alliance with Germany, Russia and Meiji Japan. The idea was to-link
continental Europe with Japan and China through a series of large overland
infrastructure projects, beginning with the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Through
treaties covering key areas of economic and security matters, Hanataux hoped
to create a zone of prosperity, built on a foundation of rapid economic
growth and extensive trade.
Such a politlcal-economic common interest alliance threatened the
imperial hegemony of Great Britain. At the turn of the 20th century, Britian
looked to the United States (as its English-speaking ally) to join in
sabotaging the Hanataux plan. Through the Spanish-American War of 1898 and
the Russo-Japanese War of1905, Britain and her American junior partner (by
then led by Henry Stimson's old mentor Teddy Roosevelt) managed to disrupt
the French-German-Russian-Japanese econornic axis. Two world wars and the
Great Depression were the consequences of that interference.

THE PERSIAN GULF WAR
It was against this historical backdrop that President Bush, invoking the
World War II imagery of his Skull & Bones idol Henry Stimson, went to war
against Iraq. There is even speculation that President Bush was personally
instrumental in luring Saddam Hussein into invading Kuwait, thereby,
provoking the American-led military response. Many news accounts have
emphasized that a two-hour private meeting between the president and Margaret
Thatcher in the Aspen, Colorado vacation chalet of U.S. Ambassador Henry
Catto on August 2, 1990 helped finalize Bush's decision to immediately deploy
military force.
Recently, an astute Japanese analyst drew a disturbing parallel
between Bush and FDR, who was gready influenced by Stimson. According to the
wtiter, FDR lured Japan into World War II through an intricate series of
economic warfare maneuvers which left Japan with little choice but to
strike-back. In much the same way, said the analyst, Bush had lured Saddam
Hussein into Kuwait in order to launch a new Gulf War that would have
consequences reaching far beyond Iraq and the Middle East.
As a result of the military victory over Iraq, the United States is in
the process of establishing a string of permanent military bases throughout
the Persian Gulf and Near East. The oil sheikdoms of the region, led by Saudi
Arabia, are now thoroughly dependent on the American military presence to
ensure the survival of their regimes. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries:(OPEC) is effectively captured by Washington. American bankers
aided by U.S. gunboats now are setting world oil prices. Thus, one
consequence of the Persian Gulf War is that the United States now has an oil
weapon-pointed principally at Germany and Japan. Ironically, America's two
chief economic rivals have paid out a total of billion to date to help
finance a Bush administration military adventure which put the oil weapon in
Washington's hand.
Another telling example of how the Order's man in the Oval Office
intends to administer a crmubling U.S. domestic economy while imposing the
New World Order on the rest of the world is to be found in the recent buyout
of the majority of stock in Citicorp, the largest U.S. commercial bank, by
Saudi Prince Talal bin Abdul Aziz. Citicorp is one of the major American
commercial banks on the verge of collapse, but which is considered by the
Bush administration and the Federal Reserve System to be "too big to fall."
The stock purchase amounted to a Saudi Royal Family bail-out of Citicorp,
using the increased profits being enjoyed by the House of Saud as a result of
the massive jump in Saudi oil production since the beginning of ~he gulf
cnsis in August 1990.
There points up a striking difference between the role of the United
States in World War II and the Bush administration's handling to date of the
Middle East crisis. During World War II, the United States went through a
genuine economic revival. Skull & Bones historian Samuel Huntington described
it as a "neo Hamiltonian" policy, a reference to the first United States
Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Beginning in 1939, America
became a major supplier of military and industrial goods under the Lend-Lease
program to the European states fighting Hitler. At the same time, the federal
government began issuing low interest credits to revive the nation's
manufacturing base which had been gutted by a decade of economic depression.
The industrial buildup accelerated once the United States formally entered
.World War II, leading to the establishing of entirely new industrial
sectors, such as aerospace and petrochemicals.
This time around-at least to date-there has been no such marshaling of
the U.S. domestic industrial base. Despite moderate increases in the
production of certain high-tech weapons systems, the U.S. economy continues
its gradual slide into what could be a new depression. Unemployment is
greater than at any point in the last decade. Some sociologists fear that the
complete disintegration of America's urban centers could produce new
race-riots as early as the summer of1991.
The single greatest challenge to George Bush and the.Order is: Can they
capitalize on-the current revival of the American spirit to reverse
the..disastrous post industrial society dogmas, and launch their own version
of the World WarII neo Hamiltonian industrial recovery? So far, some
doomsayers claim, it appears that Bush and his administratlon plan instead to
direct their.efforts at looting and blackmailing the rest of the
world-especially the gulf oil sheikdoms, Japan and Germany-into bailing out
the bankrupt U.S. financial houses and federal government and financing the
posting of American-led foreign legions at every corner of the globe where
there are large deposits of strategic raw materials. If this policy is not
altered, George Bush may soon find himself presiding over a new disaster that
will make the Vietnam debacle appear insignificant in comparison.
The politics of the New World Order appear to be borrowed largely from the
pages of the decline and fall of the British Empire. Political columnist
Patrick Buchanan, an early vocal opponent of the Bush Persian Gulf strategy,
warned as early as August 1990 that the White House was falling into the trap
of British "balance of power" politics, the very politics that left Great
Britain on the scrap heap of world powers at the close of World War II, and
put Winston Churchill, the architect of World War II and the Cold War, out of
a job.
Since the crushing military defeat of Iraq by a technologically far
superior American-led coalition, the Bush administration has vacillated on a
postwar policy - for the region. It has pursued a pragmatic power balancing
game which is rife with potential problems. The two key elements of the
American balance-of-power politics in the region are the preservation of a
weakened but territorialy whole Iraq to offset the other would-be
regional-powers Iran and Syria. At the-same time, it is tilting toward a
nominally more "pro-Arab" position with regard to the Arab-Israeli conflict,
While the harsh reparations terms being imposed upon a war-devastated
Iraq, are probably, in the mind of Bush, aimed at dissuading any future
regional military power from launching-cross-border aggressions, they amount
to the slow, excruciating extermination of the population of that
country. As one seasoned observer noted recently,ea rlier air wars had caused
greater immediate losses of life, due to the inaccuracy of bombs and rockets
but had generally left basic infrastructures intact. The precision bombing of Iraq's
entire infrastructure has caused what a United Nations team has called an-"apocalypse."The greater
loss of life, will occur in the aftermath of the combat as a country with 16
million inhabitants is suddenly thrown into a "pre-industial" state with no
electricity, no water or other necessities. American humanitarian aid,
administered by occupying troops will not
offset this apocalypse-especially if harsh war reparations and asset seizures
deprive Iraq of the financial resources needed to begin a rebuilding process.
Regardless of the fact that the United States has not thrown the full
weight of its military presence behind the overthrow of the Saddam Hussein
regime, the shortsightedness of the present Bush policy may very well lead to
a Lebanon-type protracted civil war in Iraq. Such a war could potentially
spread throughout the region.

IMPLICATIONS FOR JAPAN

Throughout this short study of the Order of Skull & Bones, emphasis has
been placed on the philosophy, the rituals and the modus operandi of the
Bonesmen who have devoted their post-Yale careers to world politics. This
particular emphasis was chosen in order to provide the Japanese reader with
an insight into how the Bush presidency views the rest of the world, so that
it will be possible for Japan to better understand what it faces in the
post-Persian Gulf War strategic environment.
The implications of Skull & Bones domination over American policymaking
under the Bush presidency are enormous. Japan must be prepared to meet what
amounts to a fundamentally new challenge. Few of the postwar experiences in
U.S. Japanese relations will have prepared the Japanese government and the
leaders of Japanese industry and finance for-what they now face.
In the recent past, the policy of Washington toward Japan has been
simply to use political leverage, mostly related to Japan's regional security
concerns, to exact compromises and concessions in the economic and financial
sphere. But the United States, under its policy of free trade, privatization
of the monetary and credit mechanisms, and the transition to post-industrial
service-oriented forms of economic activity at home has suffered a gradual
but steady decline over the past 20 to 30 years. Japan, meanwhile, has
prospered under a more protectionist and industry oriented policy.
In the past decade, Japan has been increasingly thrust into the role of
scapegoat for the decline of American prosperity, while at the same time
coming under mounting pressure to help finance the United States out of its
economic mess. The pressures upon Japan to bail out its postwar big brother
have caused tensions between Washington and Tokyo, but the Cold War had
provided a common security interest that generally offset the occasional
rough language.
Under the George Bush Skull & Bones regime at the White House all that
has changed. True to the Bonesmen's credo of constructive chaos and global
political domination by the WASP Establishment, the United States is now out
to dominate U.S.-Japanese relations with a degree of brutal frankness that
will fly in the face of all previous American sensitivities to Japan's honor.
Gone are the days of former U.S. Ambassador Michael Mansfield, who always
sought to maintain a public climate of friendship and cooperation between
the two nations even when behind the scenes he was taking the toughest of
stands on the most divisive issues.
Under the American-led New World Order, Japan can expect to be treated
with far less respect publicly. It can expect that the Bush administration,
including his coterie of former top CIA men now working directly out of the
Oval Office, will be constantly interfering, covertly in the internal affairs
of Nippon.
This shift in style has held sway since the Bush inauguration and the
subsequent appointment of Michael Armacost as U.S. Ambassador to Tokyo.
Armacost has assumed the posture of a Roman pro-consul, dictating policy to a
weak satrap, rather than to engage, in diplomatic dialogue. Armacost's
performance even before the recent events in the Persian Gulf reestablished
American military might as the defining factor in world affairs-should have
provided the Japanese leadership with a clue as to the shift under way in
Washington's new policy approach.
The Bush policy can best be described as a sophisticated containment
policy. The new approach to Pacific affairs was telegraphed in the early days
of the Bush administration when the president deployed three of his most
trusted senior spooks to three critical Asian diplomatic posts: Armacost was
sent to Tokyo; Bush's vice presidential national security aide and former
career CIA operator Donald Gregg was sent to Seoul; and John Lilly, another
career CIA man and a fellow Yale Skull & Bones member, was sent to Beijing.
The fact that three of the CIA's most experienced clandestine field operators
were assigned the senior diplomatic posts says a great deal about the Bush
administradon's intentions to conduct sophisticated political-warfare and sow
confusion among the three major nations of the Far East. Bush clearly intends
to pursue the historic Skull & Bones mission of extending America's dominion
over the entire Pacific region. The idea of even paying lip service to equal
partnership between Washington and Tokyo is over, at least for the time
being.
The process of internally weakening Japan's resistance to this
overarching domination by Washington's New World Order began with the Recruit
scandal, when the Takeshita government was brought down through a
U.S.-inspired secret intelligence operation. One of the primary targets of
that operation was Yashuhiro Nakasone, the former prime minister and the
architect of Japan's post-1973 effort to develop independent ties to the
oil-producing Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
It is important to understand that Bush's WASP warriors, while adopting
a similar approach of non-compromise and domination over Israel and the
Zionist lobby inside the United States, will not hesitate to use the Jewish
lobby as an instrument for bashing Japan into line. Thus, Commerce Secretary
Robert Mosbacher went out of his way to encourage the Anti-Defamation
League's leadership convention, which he addressed last year, to join with
the Bush administration in pressuring Japan to submit to American free trade
demands.
The Bush administration will at times encourage the Zionist lobby and
Israel to mercilessly attack Japan and will at other times severely criticize
Zionist "insensitivity" to Tokyo. This will all be part of the Bush strategy
to dominate the Pacific Rim by playing one country or faction off against
another, using hard cop-soft cop and other classic techniques of the
intelligence trade.
Japan will be offered a limited junior partner status in the New World
Order, while coming under mounting pressure to continue providing tribute to
finance the American imperium. Above all else, Japan will be forbidden from
developing any independent foreign policy toward its neighbors, the Soviet
Union, the Arab world or anyone else. Such programs as the Global
Infrastructure Fund, to the extent that they pose an alternative to the
U.S.-dominated international regime, will be vetoed.
As a subservient junior partner in the New World Order arrangement,
Japan's financial and economic muscle will be used as the piggy-bank for U.S.
imperial objectives. The billion "contribution" to the U.S.-led Gulf-War
coalition was another benchmark in the transition in U.S.-Japanese reladons,
as was President Bush's abrupt cancellation of his long-sheduled state visit
to Tokyo. When the chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) attempted
to visit Kuwait immediately after the gulf cease-fire in March l991, the U.S.
State Department refused to grant him permission to go into the
American-occupied-territory. These intentional diplomatic affronts should be
understood as telling signs of the new American-Japanese relationship.
On the other-hand, President Bush also suddenly scheduled a brief summit
with Japanese Prime Minister Kaifu in Newport Beach, California for April 4,
1991. One purpose of the sudden meeting was to lay out clear parameters of
acceptable behavior on the part of the Japanese government when the prime
minister meets later in April with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev.
Japanese Soviet relations, like all other crucial Japanese ~foreign
relations, will be expected to conform with those of the U.S.

An essential blackmail "stick" that the Bush administration intends to
hold over Tokyo is-Japanese dependency on Persian Gulf oil. As-the result of
the Gulf War and the post war American military occupation of Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia and other-key oil-producing sheikdoms, the Bush administration will
exert unabashed control over world oil supplies- and prices. In the New World
Order, Japan's oil supply will be increasingly linked to concessions on a
range of monetary and economic issues, including the Global Agreements on
Trade and Tariffs (GATT) talks, which broke up last year as the result of
largely Japanese and continental European resistance to the pure free-trade
system sought by Bush and Thatcher. Assistant Treasury Secretary David
Mulford, a former senior official at White Weld Securities, Inc. which
restructured Saudi Arabia's entire financial apparatus, has recently
announced that he will seek to prosecute Japan for its violations of the GATT
regulations that call upon Tokyo to surrender government control over
interest rate policies to the international banking community.
The Bush presidency, with its ambitious drive for domination over
former friends and foes alike, poses an unprecedented challenge to Japan.
While this is neither the time nor the place to offer a solution to the
growing dilemma, the profile of the men of Skull & Bones in this white paper
should provide the Japanese reader with helpful insights into the nature of
the American WASP warrior class and the secret society which spawned it.
Bibliography
"Bush Boy's Club: Skull and Bones." Covert Information Action Bulletin,
Winter, 1990.
Halberstam, David. The Best and the Brightest. Random House, New York, 1969.
Hodgson, Godfrey. The Colonel: The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson. Afred
Knopf, New York, 1990.
Isaacson, Walter and Evan Thomas. The Wisemen: Six Friends and the World They
Made. Simon and Schuster, New York, l986.
"Membership List of All Skull and Bones Members From 1833-1950." The Russell
Trust Association, New Haven, Conn., 1949.
Ranleagh, John. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA. Simon and
Schuster, New York, 1986.
Rosenbaum, Ron. "Skull and Bones: An Elegy for Mumbo Jumbo." Esquire
Magazine, September, 1977.
"Skull and Bones: A Short History." Excecutive Intelligence Review, January
30, 1980.
Stimson, Henry and McGcorge Bundy. In Active Service in Peace and War.
Octagon Press, New York, 1949
Sutton, Antony C. America's Secret Establishrnent: An Introduction to the
Order of Skull and Bones. Liberty Press, Billings, Mont., 1986.
Winks, Robin. Cloak and Gown Scholars in the Secret War William Morrow, New
York, 1987.
Some Prominent Members of Skull & Bones

William F. Buckley, Jr. (Bones Class of 1950) Founder of National Review, the
leading conservative magazine in the United States. Brother James (Skull &
Bones l944) is now a member of the U.S. Court of Appeals. William F. Buckley,
Jr., former CIA officer in Mexico, also built the political grassroots
conservative movement in the U.S. in the 1960s. President Bush and Buckley
have recently split over Buckley's strong pro-lsraelism.
McGeorge Bundy (Skull & Bones initiate of 1940) Scion of the Skull & Bones
Bundy family. Father Harvey H. Bundy was Skull & Bones, as was brother
William P. Bundy. McGeorge served in the War Department during World War II
as Henry Stimson's assistant and later became the Nalional Security Adviser
to President Kennedy. William Bundy became a CIA official and later served in
key positions at the Departments of State and Defense. McGeorge headed the
Ford Foundation (1968-1980) and William chaired the Council on Foreign
Relations (1972-1983).
George Bush (initiated in 1948) President of the United States. Comes from a
complete Bones family. Father Prescott, a Bones initiate of the class of
1917. Uncle George Herbert Walker, Bones Class of 1927. U S Federal District
Court Judge John Walker is also a relative and a Bonesman.
Alfred Cowles (Class of 1913): Built the Cowles Communication empire based on
the Des Moines (lowa) Register and the Minneapolis (Minnesota) Star and
Tribune. These two newspapers play a significant role in shaping the early
presidential primaries, especially in Iowa.
Hugh Cunningham (Bones 1934); CIA man from 1947 to 1973. He served in top
positions in the Clandestine Services, the Board of National Estimates and
later as Director of Training.
Thomas Daniels (initiated in 1914) founder of the largest agro-business and
grain cartel company in Minnesota-Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM) Served in the
Foreign Service and later during World War II as head of the Fats and Oils
Section of the War Produclion Board. ADM Corporation's new head Dwayne
Andreas is one of the most powerful figures in U.S.-Soviet trade relations.
Daniels's only son, John (Bones 1943), also works in ADM. The bank which
underwrites ADM stock issues is the Morgan Stanley investment bank
Richard Ely Danielson (Skull & Bones 1907) Past publisher of the Atlanric
Monthly magazine, one of the leading magazines for seeing which policy line
on a variety of issues is coming out of the Eastern Establishment.
Russell Wheeler Davenport (initiated in 1923); Fortune magazine writer and
editor, made this magazine the leading authority on financial matters in the
United States. Davenport created the Fortune 500 companies list.
Henry P. Davison (Bones Class of l920): Key senior partner in the Morgan
banking and financial trust networks. His fellow Bonesman Harold Stanley
(1908) founded the investment bank Morgan Stanley. Davison and his family
helped set up the Guaranty Trust Corporation which became Morgan Guaranty
Thomas Cochran (1904 Bonesman) was one of the most powerful partners in the
Morgan bank. The influence of the Mgrgan banking system can be seen in its
relationship with the hierarchy of U.S. intelligence. The head of the Office
of Strategic Services, Gen. William Donovan, worked as a Morgan intelligence
operative in thc 1920s and prepared the intelligence reports for the Morgan
banking concerns on developments in Europe. F. Trubee Davison became CIA
Director of Personnel in 1951 and placed key Bonesmen in the right positions
inside the CIA.
Averell Harriman (1913 initiate). Scion of the Harriman railroad family. His
brother Roland (Skull & Bones 1917) ran the investment bank Brown Brothers
Harriman. Averell was one of the most powerful members of the Skull & Bones
fralernity, His government posts ranged from Ambassador to Russia during
World War II and various State Department positions to chief negotiator on
the Vietnam Talks. Confidential adviser to Presidents Roosevelt, Truman,
Kennedy, Johnson and later Nixon and Carter. His investment banking firm is
virtually a Skull & Bones bank-nine senior partners are from Skull & Bones.
President Bush's father worked in Brown Brothers Harriman after helping to
merge several companies in the Unitd Rubber Corporation of America.
Winston Lord (Bones Class of 1959): Chairmah of the Council on Foreign
Relations (1983-l988). Former State Department official and CIA officer in
Asia. China expert. Six members of the Lord family were Skull & Bones,
including Charles Edwin Lord, former Comptroller of the Currency, Department
of the Treasury. Oswald Bates Lord (Skull & Bones l926) married Mary
Pillsbury of the Minnesota based Pillsbury Flour Corporation. Winston Lord is
their son.
Robert A. Lovett (1918 initiate): Put together the Brown Brothers Harriman
merger and later organized the aviation industry mobilization for World War
II. Became part of the most exclusive power group in World War II under Henry
Stimson. Lovett was one of the five or six most powerful men in the United
States for nearly 40 years until his death in 1986.
Henry Luce (initiated in 1920): Built the Time-Life publishing empire. Became
the leading publicist of the "American century" doctrine
Dino Pionzio (Bones Class of 1950): CIA deputy chief of station in Chile
during the overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende. Now works at the
investment firm Dillion Read.
Alphonso Taft (initiated in 1833): Secretary of War (1876), Attorney General
(1876-1877) and later Minister to Austria and Russia. Co-founder of Skull &
Bones.
Robert A. Taft (1910 initiate); Speaker of the House of Representatives
(1921-1926) and Senator (R-Ohio). Leader of the Isolationist movement in the
1930s. His son Robert A. Taft, Jr., also senator from Ohio, led the
right-wing of the Republican Party in the 1950s and 1960s. Robert A. Taft,
Jr., however, was the only member of the Taft family who was not Skull &
Bones.
William H. Taft (Skull & Bones 1878): President of the United Statcs
(1908-1912) and appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1921-1930).
Secretary of War (1904-1908). Trustee, Carnegie Institution. Part of the long
line of Tafts who served in the U.S. government.
William Collins Whitney (initiated 1863): Secretary of the Navy (1885-1889).
Promoter of the Naval Shipyards and financier. Part of the Whitney family
which sent eight of its members to Yale to become Skull & Bonesmen. Family
intermarried with the Payne, Harriman and Vanderbilt clans. The Whitneys
became some of Wall Street's most powerful financiers through the Guaranty
and Knickerbocker Trust Companies.
Current U.S. senators who are Skull & Bones members;
Sen. Jonathan Bingham (D-N.M.).
Sen. David Boren (D-Okla.) is chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee.
Sen. John Chafee (R-R.I.); Former Navy Secretary and on the Senate
Intelligenee Committee.
Sen. John Heinz (R-Pa.): Recently killed in an airplane crash. was a Bonesman
as was his father. The Heinz farnily has one of the largest food-producing
companies in the world.
Sen. John Kerry (D-Mass.): Formerly on the Senate Intelligence Committee,
Kerry is now on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
Selected Quotations
* During the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962, two Skull & Bones
advisers to President Kennedy, McGeorge Bundy and Robert Lovett, met in the
west wing of the White House to discuss strategy. According to author Godfrey
Hodgson, there was a photograph of master Bonesman Henry L. Stimson, their
mentor, on Lundy's desk. "All during the conversation the old Colonel seemed
to be staring me straight in the face," recalled Lovett. Finally, he said to
Bundy, "Mac, I think the best service we can perform for the president is to
try to approach this as Colonel Stimson would."
* At the Potsdam summit in 1946 when President Truman first met Soviet
dictator Josef Stalin, Stimson told the president: "The chief lesson I have
learned in a long life is that the only way to make a man trustworthy is to
trust him."
* Commenting on the plan of Robert Morgenthau, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's Treasury Secretary, to deindustrialize Germany after World War
II, Stimson wrote: ". . . just such a crime as the Germans themselves hoped
to perpetrate on their victims . . . a crime against civilization itself?" He
added rather ironically that the plan was like "a beautiful Nazi program!
This is to laugh!"
* "They possessed a common background, common experience, and a common
liking for old wines, proper English and Savile Row clothing," wrote the
biographer of former U.S. Ambassador to Japan Joseph Grew. A top level
diplomat and State Department powerhouse during the first half of the 20th
century, Bonesman Hugh Wilson adds, "The Foreign Service [is] a pretty good
club."
* "These men helped establish a distinguished network connecting Wall
Street, Washington, worthy foundations and proper clubs," wrote historian and
former JFK aide Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. "The New York financial and legal
community was the heart of the American Establishment. Its household deities
were Henry L. Stimson and Elihu Root; its present leaders, Robert A. Lovett
and John J. McCloy; its front organizations, the Rockefeller, Ford and
Carnegie foundations and the Council on Foreign Relations."
* Brtiish author Godfrey Hodgson stated in an essay on the American
Establishment that it was "characteristic of these men to take on the burdens
of world power with a certain avidity . . . It reflected a grim but grand
duty that was a legacy from half-buried layer of New England Puritanism."
* Averell Harriman's father, owner of the largest railroad company in
the United States at the turn of the century, told his son: "Great wealth is
an obligation and responsibility. Money must work for the country."
* "I scoffed at Harvard's Porcellian club. It was too smug. But to get
into Bones, you had to do something for Yale, wrote Averell Harriman. He
would frequently retum to the "Tomb on High Street." During the Paris Peace
Conference on the Vietnam War, Harriman was quite upset about not being able
to attend a "Bones Reunion." In the book The Wise Men, Harriman is described
as willing to talk openly about national security affairs, but "he refused,
however, to tell [even] his family anything about Bones . . . so complete was
his trust in Bones's code of secrecy . . ."
* Stimson during the liberation of France in 1944 wrote about the need
for France's reconstruction following the Nazi occupation of France: "America
cannot supervise the elections of a great country like France. Consequently,
we must eventually leave the execution of the State Department formula to the
French themselves . . . where we ourselves will assume responsibility in part
or more for its execution according to Anglo-Saxon ideals."
* Stimson on Austria and Germany following World War II: "They [the
British] haven't any grasp apparently of the underlying need of proper
economic arrangements to make peace stick . . . If they restore Austria to
her position in which she was left by the Versailles arrangement 25 years
ago, why they would reduce her to a non-self-sustaining state [is beyond me]
. . . Central Europe after the war has got to eat. She has got to be free of
tariffs in order to eat."
* Stimson was "opposed to a Carthaginian Peace" in which Germany was
reduced to a non functioning society. He wrote, "The Ruhr and Saarland . . .
[must not] be turned into a second rate industrial land . . . regardless of
what it means to Germany . . . [rather] to the welfare of the entire
continent "
* In 1948, the debate within the U.S. government over the creation of
the state of Israel was reaching critical intensity. President Truman was the
"dark horse" candidate to defeat the Republican nominee, Thomas Dewey. Truman
thought he needed the Jewish goups to mobilize in his support in order to get
elected. He also believed that after so many years of suffering and
persecution, the Jews deserved a homeland of their own. However, his most
trusted foreign policy advisers, George Marshall, Dean Acheson and Robert
Lovett, were, according to the book The Wise Men, "all dead set against the
birth of Israel . . . However humanitarian a Jewish homeland might seem . . .
it posed a real risk to U.N. national security. It was absolutely vital that
the U.S. maintain its pipeline to Mideast oil. Supporting tne Zionist cause
would only antagonize the Arabs." Lovett said, "Israel was one ally too many
"
* On Japan, Stimson and McGeorge Bundy wrote their book On Active
Service in Peace and War: "Since 1937, when the Japanese attacked China,
Stimson had been urging, as a private citizen, an embargo on all American
trade with Japan, and this attitude he carried with him into the Cabinet
[when he became Secretary of War]." Stimson prepared a memorandum in 1940
pointing out how Japan had yielded before American firmness, in her
withdrawal from Shantung and Siberia in 1919 and her acceptance of naval
inferiority in 1921. "Japan," Stimson wrote, "has historically shown that she
can misinterpret a pacifistic policy of the United States for weakness. She
has also historically shown that when the United States indicates by clear
language and bold actions that she intends to carry out a clear and
afflrmative policy in the Far East, Japan will yield to that policy even
though it conflicts with her own Asiatic policy and conceived interests. For
the United States now to indicate either by soft words or inconsistent
actions that she has no such clear and definite policy towards the Far East
will only encourage Japan to bolder action."
* On December 7, 1941, Stimson wrote in his diary: "When the news first
came that Japan had attacked us, my first feeling was of relief that the
indecision was over and that crisis had come in a way which would unite all
our people. This continued to be my dominant feeling in spite of the news of
catastrophes which quickly developed. For I feel that this country united has
practically nothing to fear, while the apathy and division stirred by
unpatriotic men have been hitherto very discouraging."
* On the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Stimson wrote
in an article for Harper's Weekly in 1947: "My chief purpose was to end the
war in victory with the least possible cost in the lives of men in the armies
which I had helped to raise. In the light that no man, in our position and
subject to our responsibilities, holding in his hands a weapon of such
possibilides for accomplishing this purpose and saving those lives, could
have failed to use it and afterwards looked his countrymen in the face."
* At the Truman White House in the presence of Secretary of State James
Byrnes, Adm Leahy and Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, according to his
biographer: "Stimson had argued consistently for a commitment to allow the
Japanese to keep their Emperor, not because- with the memory of Manchuria in
his mind-he had any special sympathy for him, but because only the Emperor
could persuade the Japanese to surrender and therefore save American lives."


YALE'S SKULL & BONES SOCIETY MEMBERS


By Eric Samuelson, J.D.
I am presently researching a biography on David Rockefeller. An overview of the book will soon be sent to a New York City agent for circulation among all the major publishing houses. Among the topics that will be covered is the role of British USA Round Table member Rep. Wayne Hays (Demo-Ohio) in "killing" the Reece Committee investigation of tax-exempt foundations, the disappearance of the research on the Rockefeller-funded Kinsey studies and the "disposal" threats made to Reece Investigator Norman Dodd by a lobbyist for the Anti-Defamation League (ADL).
In 1986, Hoover scholar Antony C. Sutton published his "magnum opus" - AMERICA'S SECRET ESTABLISHMENT: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ORDER OF SKULL AND BONES. In his preface Sutton said he had been given an eight-inch batch of documents which was "nothing less than the membership lists of an American secret society. Glancing through the sheets it was more than obvious -- this was no ordinary group. The names spelled Power with a capital P." Throughout the book Sutton hinted at even deeper revelations he would make in books to come. However, the full list never was published by Sutton. In making inquiries of those who knew Sutton, I was told that he had become exiled in his own country. For months I searched the Web looking for a list of the members of Skull and Bones. At long last, a notebook was given to me which required the use of a magnifying glass to make out the names. So, the following semi-final list is about 97% accurate. It opens the door to the Bones realm at a time that one of their own is now hitting the campaign trail for the Republican presidential nomination.
For about the past ten years I have been studying secret elite groups. The average person has almost no knowledge of them and there are very few sources of information. These secret groups include the Bilderbergers, the Council on Foreign Relations, The Knights of the Garter, The Knights of Malta, The 33rd Degree Masons, the Rhodes Scholars, The Skull and Bones and the Trilateral Commission. What is needed is a historical roster of the membership of each of these groups.
The list that follows is only the first of an upcoming series of historic exposes of these secret societies. If you have any biographical information on any of these individuals, your sharing will be appreciated and reciprocated. Any suggestions or corrections appreciated.
Why is million going to The Museum of Modern Art?
Some facts on the Rockerfeller empire

12Sep00 MOMA CAN'T PAY ITS STAFF RIGHT, BUT GETS MILLION FROM THE CITY OF NEW YORK
Now, please ask yourself, "Why the heck are my New York City tax dollars to the tune of million going to The Museum of Modern Art, a private organization that can't even pay its workers properly?" [Visitors to the city take note: you are paying New York City sales tax too!]
Because, folks, It's the....DAVID ROCKEFELLER SHOW. ...David is MOMA's Chairman Emeritus. Hey, MOMA even gives out a David Rockefeller Award every year. Awards to David's buddies, Like Katherine Graham of Washington Post fame and Edgar Bronfman of Seagrams Ltd.....He gives awards to powerful people to ingratiate them to himself, using public money such as the million YOU are giving him. He knows how to network your dough into his coffers in a flash. You all know the Rockefeller family, don't you? Right, the oil and bank people. Well, David has his fingers in more pies than you can count. But besides getting public funding for HIS idea of art, but not paying the staff of his MOMA clubhouse properly, here's what else David is up to.
THE NEW YORK CITY PARTNERSHIP-OUT TO KILL THE COMMUNITY GARDENS: Formed in 1979 by ...guess who? Go ahead, guess. You were right. DAVID is the god of this little-known organization. However, when supporters of the Community Gardens found out that the Partnership wanted to take the gardens over and turn them into condominiums, they launched a protest in front of New York City Partnership headquarters, bringing the Partnership unwanted publicity. The Partnership is David's little unofficial mayor's office in the Wall Street district. It also poses as a chamber of commerce, since it stole New York's. Quite frankly, nobody can really figure out what this org is all about. Basically, it's another one of David's big-wig networking schemes. He had about 60 of them cough up a million each not too long ago for one of his pet projects.
THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS: Yes, this is another one of David's babies. Located on Park Ave and 68th Street, the Council's members include most of Clinton's cabinet, among a multitude of current and former government officials. This org claims not to take a stand on issues, but with War-Monger In Chief Madeline Albright one of its shining stars, one would guess that it is for a few things, like, say, bombing of women and children crossing bridges in Montenegro on shopping trips. As a matter of fact, the Council regularly places opinion pieces in the New York Times. They were big time for the Mexican bailout in '95-were hoping to loot us of billion for it via the Clinton White House, but our own Al D'Amato stopped 'em in their tracks. Dubbed the "Park Avenue State Department" by New York Magazine. Uh, they're non-profits, and get a nice tax break so you can slave for their idea of a better world [for them]. And guess who is Honorary Chairman...just take one guess...oh no, not ....DAVID?!!! You got it.

THE POPULATION COUNCIL: Founded by John D. Rockefeller III. Oh, sorry, you may not have known it, but all those pro-abortion people are not interested in your right to have an abortion; no, they just want to make sure you don't have any babies, cuz they have decided that THERE ARE TOO MANY OF YOU. [Hey, are you getting this?] It may not mean a lot to you folks, but isn't it funny that the AIDS epidemic is such a nice way to pare down the populations of the less-developed nations? Why, the Population Council must be having a dang party over it (even though there's a lot about fighting AIDS on their web site. Guilty conscience?). (NB.: Aha, darum wurde nach meinem 12-seitigen Leitartikel im “Spiegel“ N°40/1992 im Sept. 92 in der BRD die Warnung vor AIDS eingestellt … und im Nov.92 die Pflegeversicherung eingeführt. Seither starben in der BRD 8 Mio EW an AIDS).

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION A nice little organization. An outgoing official of this org was quoted by the NYTimes as saying that guns, drugs, and people crossing borders are among our biggest problems....Hey...people crossing borders...that's as bad as drugs and guns, isn't it?... people--always getting in the way...someone stop them! Oh David...oh David!!!!! For more info, contact The Ad Hoc Committee to Restructure America at ahcra@yahoo.com
By Peter Duveen

Back to reality for a moment

David Rockefeller Sr. and family
1.4 billion Inheritance.

NB: Nachdem vor einigen Jahren bereits sein Vermögen mit 184 Milliarden (billions) beziffert wurde, kann 1,4 billion logischerweise nur echte Billionen sein, zumal die Morgan-Chase, Bechtle-Steel und Exxon-Mobil allesamt in sein Schatzkästlein gehören.

New York City. 81
Widowed, 6 children
Grandson of John D. Rockefeller; youngest of 5 brothers (see Rockefeller family, Laurance, Winthrop). Ph.D. economics. Became international statesman, banker, philanthropist [allegedly ed.]. Founded the Council of the Americas; helped establish the Trilateral Commission, latest favorite target of conspiracy buffs. Led Chase into global expansion; aided the Thais in setting up National Institute for Development Administration; active in mobilizing business behind NAFTA.
Turned over Rockefeller Financial Services to son David 1992. Still has small piece of Rockefeller Center through Goldman Sachs group that bought it. While not the end of the saga, sale of this family landmark is perhaps the end of an age.
The real David. Madman or philanthropist? What kind of stuff does he talk about, what's he into, and what vision (if any) does he have?
The following little gem was sitting there on the internet at http://web.bu.edu/ISCIP/content/digest/ed7.html
ISCIP: Editorial Digest

Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology, and Policy.
Editorial Digest Volume II Number 7 (April 23, 1997)
. . . while Zyuganov thunders about Western threat to Russia

Apparently weary from moderating his tone on his January tour of the United States, National Patriotic Front leader Gennadi Zyuganov blasted the current Russian leadership for having "sufficient will only to starve the country for the sake of their personal, selfish interests and in response to the diktat of the International Monetary Fund."

"We should have no illusions," Zyuganov wrote in Sovetskaya Rossiya on April 10. "The West sees Russia as its most dangerous opponent. An opponent who has been weakened, bloodied, and bowed, but not beaten once and for all and who is capable of recovery."

Zyuganov alleged that the collapse of the USSR had been preceded by a meeting of the Bilderberg Club at which "David Rockefeller, a very powerful American banker and head of the highly influential Trilateral Commission" purportedly called for the establishment of a "single world government." "A supranational government of the intellectual elite and world bankers," Zyuganov reported that Rockefeller said, "is preferable to the right of peoples to self-determination." (Sovetskaya Rossiya, 10 Apr 97)

Scary Stuff:
excerpted from http://www.devvy.com/main.html
(quoting Mr. Rockefeller):
"We are grateful to the Washington Post, the New York Times, Time Magazine and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost 40 years........It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years. But, the world is more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The supernational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national autodetermination practiced in past centuries."
Links:
New Dawn Magazine: The Rockefeller Syndicate http://www.afn.org/~govern/rockfeller.html
Bankwatch - who are these Rockefeller Brothers fund guys? http://www.zpok.hu/mirror/bankwatch/
A history of the Rockefeller family http://members.tripod.com/~JakeHollin/Wealth/Rock.html


Other Western Élites

The Trilateral Commission

"...a vehicle for multinational consolidation of commercial and banking interests..."
Barry Goldwater

26Feb01 - Annual meeting of the Trilateral will cover "globalisation and governance"
Article of Jakob Andersen in the Danish newspaper Ekstra Bladet
14Aug99 - David Rockefeller defends the Trilateral Commission
Europe's Fundamental Challenges, 1996 Trilateral Commission paper
Roundtable exposes the background behind the TC
Reuters News wire releases
25Apr92 - The Washington Post - Beware the Trilateral Commission! The Influential World Panel Conspiracy Theorists Love to Hate
Contact details for the Trilateral Commission
Trilateral Commission research links

Date: Tue, 05 Feb 2002
From: belfast.gazette@pop.net.ntl.com
To: tony@gaia.org
Recent events in the Irish republic concerning the corrupt activities of various politicans and businessmen have resulted in the establishment of various tribunals to investigate their activities. one politican who has been jailed as a result of not co-operating is a dublin T.D.(member of the Irish parliament) L. Lawlor.
In a profile feature of Liam Lawler in the Sunday Business Post a Dublin based newspaper published on 3rd of Febuary 2002 it revealed that liam lawler was a member of the Trilateral Commission. this is the only reference I have seen to this piece of information and it might be of information to you .
keep up the good work all the best

Bilderberg lords want rid of 85% of worlds population

NB: Diese Aussage deckt sich eigentlich mit Rockefellers Aussage der Geburten"kontrolle" (=Reduktion) und der Beseitigung "überzähliger Zweibeiner" (siehe vorherigem Beitrag.)

19Jun06 - Jocelan Caldwell - Bilderberg site exclusive

What would you think if all of the North-American sports team owners, for instance, met secretly every year where no media were allowed in or to interview any of the participants, where there were armed guards at all the doors and when they exited that meeting, the individuals hid their faces so as not to get photographed and refused to talk to reporters? What would the reaction be? Sports fans - and most everyone else - would be furious! We would wonder what kind of deals were they hatching, what were they plotting and planning that they didn't want the rest of us to know?

Sounds pretty weird, eh? But did you know that recently at a 5-star hotel in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, more than 100 of the world's most wealthy and powerful individuals - called the Bilderbergers or the Illuminati or Synarchists - (and confirmed as including Hilary Clinton, George H.W. Bush, David Rockefeller, Gov. George Pataki of New York, the President of the Federal Reserve Bank, Henry Kissinger and Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, whose family owns Royal Dutch Shell Oil) got together under just such circumstances to discuss the future of not baseball but the world as the rich and powerful want it to look like. At the end of their meeting they covered their faces, ashamed, as they sneaked out to their limousines to the airport.

On Wednesday, June 14th on the nightly "Coast to Coast" radio program from Los Angeles, host George Noory interviewed three men who have been long aware of the Bilderbergers but up until the past few years have been laughed at and dismissed as conspiracy theorists and worse - Jim Mars of Texas, author of "Rule by Secrecy"; Daniel Esheron, author of "The True History of the Bilderberger Club" and Alex Jones author of "Martial Law 911".

They discussed the One World Order the Bilderbergers have been planning for all the rest of us, to include the Canamex Highway which would run straight from Mexico, through the U.S.A. up to Canada with no border inspections; transponders for taxation purposes to be placed in all new automobiles (which has already come up for discussion in the Texas legislature); the U.S.'s future of undefended borders which started only recently when the government backed down on a plan to spend million to update all U.S. ports; a future where the Bilderbergers will appoint all world leaders and return to feudalism and a plan [color=red]to reduce the world population by 80-90 percent[/color], to name just a few.

How, you may ask, can a group of only about 300 individuals get control over the rest of us? One way is by placing microchips in individuals (recently done by the President of a large American bank to "allow him access to secret vaults and store rooms in his bank"), the International Monetary Fund's Wolfowitz who will control the World Bank, the Federal Reserve Bank, all European banks, the Secretary General of NATO and therefore NATO itself; it includes the Tri-Lateral Commission's plan, already in process, of NAFTA, the Euro Group and to include a group of Asian countries.

Their plans, over the years, have already been witnessed - World War II, the Korean War, starvation of nations, Viet Nam, and the fact that virtually nothing is being done for the Hurricane Katrina victims in New Orleans.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19Jun06 - American Free Press - Big Surprises at Bilderberg
EVEN POLICE-STATE SECURITY CANNOT SILENCE HONEST MEDIA
By James P. Tucker Jr.
19th June 2006

http://www.americanfreepress.net/html/big_surprises_at_bilderberg.html

Bilderberg expects interest rates to rise and many Americans to lose their homes in the months ahead. Meanwhile, they hope they can pressure President Bush to refrain from an all-out invasion of Iran while maintaining oil prices at their current record-high levels of about a barrel.

Timothy Geithner, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, predicted rising interest rates and difficulties for families that have obtained adjustable rate mortgages, or “variable” interest rates. Many are likely to lose their homes as rising home mortgage rates add hundreds of dollars to their monthly payments, he said. While most listened solemnly and some expressed concern, one was heard to say, “stupid Americans deserve their fate.”

Many Americans, especially young families, have been buying expensive homes at low but “variable” interest rates. Others have been paying just the interest owed on their homes and not the principal. They are the most vulnerable, Geithner said. Some have paid little or nothing down. Some institutions “lend” buyers the down payment.

When home construction peaks and prices start downward, many will find they owe more on their home than it is worth in the marketplace. They will also find their mortgage—even “interest-only” payments—are unaffordable.

The banks will get the homes back and sell them again.

Again, the term “stupid Americans” was heard among clucks of sympathy or silent indifference. According to one source, no concern was expressed by Allan Hubbard, assistant to President Bush for economic policy.

European Bilderbergers said they would have no part in an invasion of Iran, something Bush says is an “option on the table.” Although NATO is helping by adding 9,000 troops in Afghanistan, expect no help if Iran is invaded, they said. “We will not help you fight a war for Israel,” one said.

Several noted that Israel has had nuclear weapons since at least 1963 and has never signed on to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, so no international inspections are conducted. It was the late George Ball, a charter member of Bilderberg who was No. 2 man in the State Department under presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, who first revealed that Israel has nuclear weapons.

“Is it not reasonable that Iran would need such a deterrence against Israel?” an unidentified Bilderberger was heard saying. “If you invade Iran, Israel is your only ally and good luck.” One suggested that “surgical strikes”—but no land invasion—may be tolerated but others said they would be ineffective.

Listeners to this dialogue included Eival Gildy of Israel, head of “coordination and strategy in the office of the prime minister,” and Ziad Abu Amr, member of the Palestinian Legislative Council, president of the Palestinian Council on Foreign Relations and professor of political science at Birzeit University. Ahmad Chalabi, former deputy prime minister of Iraq and one of the key sources of disinformation about Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, was also present.

William Luti, special assistant to Bush for defense policy, and Richard Perle, former high Defense Department official and still a close adviser to Bush, responded that the United States is simply trying to stop the spread of nuclear weapons and make the world “safe.” But, said one European: “How ‘safe’ do you think the world will be if you invade Iran and Iran responds by firing missiles on your ally, Israel? Israel will nuke Iran in response and you will have your ‘proliferation.’”

Robert Zoellick, deputy secretary of state, said it would be necessary to keep the invasion “option” to pressure Iran into agreeing to abandon its nuclear weapons program.

“You’re wrong,” the European answered. “Iran simply refuses to be bullied by the United States. Save us a lot of trouble and forget about invading Iran.” The Americans remained silent.

Bilderberg’s mood was described as “uneasy” when it came to the issue of oil, a discussion followed closely by such oil-rich participants as banker David Rockefeller, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Franco Bernabe, vice chairman of Rothschild Europe.

The “Latin American problem” mixed the issue of oil with Bilderberg’s scheme to expand NAFTA throughout the Western Hemisphere and have it evolve into an “American Union” patterned after the European Union. Hugo Chavez, head of Venezuela, is not only raising taxes on the extraction of oil from his country, he is trying to establish a trade coalition with neighboring nations that would block the expansion of NAFTA by creating the Free Trade Area of the Americas.

Bilderberg’s consensus seemed to be to not force higher oil prices at the moment, but be content with the immense profits enjoyed now.

Chavez’s barrier to NAFTA expansion leaves them moody because establishing an “American Union” is a critical step toward Bilderberg’s goal of establishing the United Nations as a world government.

http://www.americanfreepress.net/html/big_surprises_at_bilderberg.html

(Issue #26, June 26, 2006)

THERE IS MUCH MORE COVERAGE OF BILDERBERG 2006 in this issue as well as many other cutting edge stories. Why not become a subscriber - either to our online or print edition?

We also recommend that you read JIM TUCKER’S BILDERBERG DIARY - an excellent source of information about this shadowy group.

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In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.

— Präsident Dwight D. Eisenhower, Farewell Address January 17, 1961

Wenn man wissen will, wer außer der pro-israelischen Lobby und dem immer aktiven militärisch-industriellen Komplex sonst noch erheblichen Einfluss auf amerikanische Politik hat, der kommt am “Projekt für das neue amerikanische Jahrhundert” nicht vorbei.


PNAC - eine imperialistische Washingtoner Denkfabrik wie jede andere ?

Das Projekt ist noch relativ jung. Es ging erst 1997 aus dem 3 Jahre vorher gegründeten “New Citizenship Project” hervor. Nicht nur was die Tradition anbelangt, sondern auch mit seiner Lage scheint PNAC im Schatten anderer Denkfabriken zu stehen: Denn seinen Sitz in Washington (1150 17th Street, N.W. Washington, DC) teilt sich das Projekt mit dem altehrwürdigen konservativen American Enterprise Institute.

Auch seine kurzgefasste Agenda unterscheidet das Projekt nicht sonderlich von anderen Befürwortern eines amerikanischen Imperialismus:

“Das Projekt für ein neues amerikanisches Jahrhundert (…) ist einigen fundamentalen Grundsätzen verpflichtet: Dass eine amerikanische Führungsrolle nicht nur für Amerika, sondern auch für die Welt gut ist. Und dass solch eine Führungsrolle militärische Stärke, diplomatische Energie und eine Bekenntnis zu moralischen Prinzipien vorraussetzt.”

Die beiden Gründer des Projektes sowie ihr Team aus Direktoren und Mitarbeitern sind allesamt altgediente konservative Hardliner, jedoch noch nichts Außergewöhnliches:

Da wären zunächst einmal die beiden Gründer des Projekts, William Kristol und Robert Kagan.
Kristol war während der Präsidentschaft von Bush senior der Stabschef des Vizepräsidenten Dan Quayle. Danach leitete er das “Project for the Republican Future“, das nach Kristols Angaben “die Strategie formulierte, die den Republikanern 1994 den Sieg bei den Kongresswahlen einbrachte”. 1995 dann gründete William Kristol die konservative Zeitschrift “The Weekly Standard“.
Robert Kagan war von 1984 bis 1985 Mitglied im Planungsstab des Außenministeriums und der Hauptredenschreiber für Außenminister George P. Shultz. Kagan ist Mitglied des einflussreichen “Council On Foreign Relations” und ein hohes Mitglied der Denkfabrik “Carnegie Endowment for International Peace“. Er schreibt sowohl für Kristols Weekly Standard als auch als Kolumnist für die Washington Post.

Die weiteren Direktoren des Projektes sind Bruce P. Jackson, Mark Gerson und Randy Scheunemann.
Jackson war von 1979 bis 1990 Military Intelligence Officer der US Army, und zum Ende dieser Periode hin Mitarbeiter im Büro des Verteidigungsministers. Danach schloss sich Jackson dem militärisch-industriellen Komplex an, zuerst bei der Investmentbank Lehman Brothers als Berater und später das Rüstungsschwergewicht Lockheed Martin als Vizepräsident für Planung und Strategie. Dann gründete Jackson das “Project on Transitional Democracies“, das die “Demokratisierung” der postsowjetischen Staaten vorantreibt, bei der sein früherer Arbeitgeber Lockheed Martin so gut verdient. Bei der Kampagne für die Präsidentschaft 2000 war Jackson schließlich beim Wahlkampfteam für George Bush.

Mark Gerson ist Aufsichtsratmitglied des Manhattan Instituts, das sich neue Ideen für freiere (also privatisierte und unregulierte) Märkte ausdenkt. Gerson ist Chef der Wirtschaftsberatung “Gerson Lehrman Group“.

Randy Scheunemann schließlich war von 1986 bis 1993 Stabsmitarbeiter im Kongress. So zum Beispiel im Komittee für Auslandsbeziehungen sowohl des Abgeordnetenhauses als auch des Senats, oder auch im “House Republican Policy Committee”. Nach eigenen Angaben beriet er den Senat in diversen Entscheidungen über Kriegseinsätze, unter Anderem Somalia, Korea, Irak, Haiti und Bosnien betreffend.
Von 1993 an war Scheunemann dann Sicherheitsberater der Fraktionsführer der Republikaner in Abgeordnetenhaus und Senat, Bob Dole und Trent Lott.

Im festen Mitarbeiterstab finden sich noch zwei erwähnenswerte Männer:
Gary J. Schmitt war von 1980 bis 1984 Mitarbeiter und Stabsdirektor der republikanischen Mitglieder im Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Seitdem ernannte ihn Ronald Reagan zum Chef des Beraterstabs des Präsidenten für Geheimdienstangelegenheiten im Ausland. Schlussendlich war er ein Berater im Verteidigungsministerium.
Thomas Donelly schließlich war Mitarbeiter im Streitkräftekomittee des Abgeordnetenhauses, und dort vor Allem mit der Aufsicht über die Bombenkampagne auf dem Balkan befasst.

Die wahre Macht des Projektes für das neue amerikanische Jahrhundert zeigt sich erst dann, und da wird die Sache richtig interessant, wenn man betrachtet, welche Mitglieder der Elite sich William Kristol und seinem Team angeschlossen haben:

Am 3. Juni 1997 wird das “Statement of Principles” geschrieben, also eine Art Gründungsdokument für das Projekt. Unterzeichnet wurde es von folgenden Mitgliedern der NeoCon-Elite, die sich als Ensemble durchaus sehen lassen können:

Dick Cheney, Vizepräsident beider Bush-Administrationen
Donald Rumsfeld, Verteidigungsminister beider Bush-Administrationen
Paul Wolfowitz, stellvertretender Verteidigungsminister der ersten Bush-Administration, seitdem Chef der Weltbank
Lewis Libby, vormaliger Stabschef von Vizepräsident Dick Cheney, jetzt im Gefängnis wegen der Enttarnung von Valerie Plame
Jeb Bush, Bruder des Präsidenten und Gouverneur von Florida

Francis Fukuyama,Wirtschaftsfachmann, wichtiges Mitglied im Außenministerium 1989, Mitglied des Council On Foreign Relations.
Elliot Abrams, im nationalen Sicherheitsrat zuständig für den Nahen Osten, “Spezialassistent” des Präsidenten, früher Mitglied im nationalen Beraterstab des American Jewish Committees
William J. Bennett, Bildungsminister unter Ronald Reagan, seitdem Chef christlicher Lobbys (”Foundation for Community and Faith Centered Enterprise”)
Gary Bauer, war in Bennetts Ministerium, seitdem Gründer christlicher Lobbys (”American Values”, “American Alliance of Jews and Christians”)
Eliot Cohen, leitende Tätigkeit im Büro des Verteidigungsministers 1990, heute im Defense Policy Board des Pentagons und Leiter des Centers For Strategic Studies an der Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.
Midge Decter, Frau von Norman Podhoretz, christliche Konservative (”Institute on Religion and Public Life”)
Paula Dobriansky, in den 90ern im Außenministerium und im Nationalen Sicherheitsrat verantwortlich für Europa und die Sowjetunion. Dann Vizepräsidentin des Council On Foreign Relations, heute im Außenministerium “Under Secretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs”
Steve Forbes, Präsidentschaftskandidat (in den Vorauswahlen gescheitert) von 1996 und 2000, Besitzer des Wirtschaftsmagazins “Forbes”
Aaron Friedberg, früher Berater der CIA und des nationalen Sicherheitsrats, heute Vizepräsident Cheneys zweiter Sicherheitsberater
Frank Gaffney, unter Reagan im Verteidigungsministerium unter Anderem verantwortlich für direkte Verhandlungen mit der Sowjetunion, hoher Posten im politischen Teil der NATO
Fred C. Iklé, Aufsichtsratvorsitzender des Pentagondarlings Telos, unter Reagan Undersecretary of Defense for Policy im Pentagon
Donald Kagan, Vater von Robert Kagan
Zalmay Khalilzad, unter Reagan im Außenministerium, unter Bush senior im Verteidigungsministerium, dann Risikoanalyst für den Ölriesen Unocal, dann im nationalen Sicherheitsrat zuständig für den persischen Golf, Südostasien und andere Regionen. Seit 2003 schließlich amerikanischer Botschafter in Afghanistan
Norman Podhoretz,Gründer des Hudson Instituts, Chefredaktuer des konservativen “Commentary“-Magazins
Dan Quayle, ehemaliger amerikanischer Vizepräsident
Peter W. Rodman, unter Rumsfeld Unterstaatssekretär im Verteidigungsministerium für “International Security Affairs”
Stephen P. Rosen, 23 jahre lang bei Israels Lobbymonster AIPAC, am Schluss Policy Director. Dann gefeuert und angeklagt wegen Spionage für Israel
Henry S. Rowen, früher im Verteidigungsministerium, jetzt Mitglied des Defense Policy Boards im Verteidigungsministerium
Vin Weber, Co-Chairman der Domestic Strategy Group des konservativen Aspen Instituts
George Weigel, Präsident des Ethics and Public Policy Center

Bleibt die Frage, was genau all diese Schwergewichte denn unterschrieben haben. Wie der Name des Projektes schon andeutet, wollen die Unterzeichner ein neues amerikadominiertes Jahrhundert haben, eine Welt unter der Führung der USA. Sie werfen sowohl den Demokraten um den damals amtierenden Präsidenten Clinton als auch anderen Republikanern vor, nicht genug für solch ein Jahrhundert und solch eine Führungsrolle zu tun. Im Statement Of Principles fordern die Unterzeichner daher, dass Amerika seine Hegemonieansprüche zur offiziellen Politik macht. Das Land solle “Verantwortung akzeptieren für Amerikas einzigartige Aufgabe, eine internationale Ordnung zu beschützen und zu erweitern”. Andere Staaten ohne das patentierte Demokratiegütesiegel dürfen nicht anerkannt werden, sondern “wir müssen im Ausland für politische und wirtschaftliche Freiheit werben. Regime, die unseren Interessen und Werten feindlich gegenüber stehen, müssen herausgefordert werden.” Natürlich haben die Unterzeichner und das PNAC die beste Lösung für diese Aufgaben: “Wir müssen die Rüstungsausgaben deutlich erhöhen.”
Zu guter Letzt fordern die Unterzeichner schon damals ein völkerreichtswidriges Vorgehen, dass Präsident Bush Jahre später in seiner Doktrin der “pre-emptive Strikes” offiziell machen sollte: “Es ist wichtig (…), Bedrohungen zu begegnen bevor sie sich materialisieren”.

Ein gutes halbes Jahr später weiß das Projekt auch schon, wie man diese seine Forderungen konkret umsetzen könnte.

Die Forderung nach einer gewaltsamen Lösung des Kosovokonfliktes

Im Januar bzw. März 1998 schreibt das Projekt 2 offene Briefe. Einen davon an Präsident Bill Clinton und den anderen an den Sprecher des Abgeordnetenhauses Newt Gingrich und an den Mehrheitsführer im Senat, Trent Lott. In beiden Briefen wird darauf gedrängt, dass “Problem” Saddam Hussein möglichst schnell und möglichst irreversibel zu lösen. Das Projekt findet eine Politik, die von Allianzpartnern der Kooperation Saddams abhängig ist, zu gefährlich. Stattdessen fordert sie, “Saddams Regime zu entfernen”. Und man bedenke nochmal, dass es sich all das 1998 abspielt - also vor 9/11 und weit vor Sonderermittler Hans Blix.

Nachdem das PNAC mit dem “harten Vorgehen” gegen den Irak bei Clinton vorerst auf Granit beisst, nimmt es sich einen neue Zielscheibe amerikanischer Bomben vor: Jugoslawien.
In einem weiteren Brief an Präsident Clinton vom 20. September 1998 kommt PNAC zu einem ähnlich klaren Schluss wie schon beim Thema Irak unter Saddam: “Es kann keinen Frieden und keine Stabilität auf dem Balkan geben, solange Slobodan Milosevic an der Macht bleibt.” Wieder wird Clinton dazu aufgefordert, “in dieser Krise ‘forcefully’ zu handeln”.

Dass hier eine gewalttätige Lösung gemeint ist muss vermutet werden, wenn man sich die Unterschriftenliste dieses Briefes anschaut, denn neben “alten” PNAC-Mitgliedern finden sich neue hochkarätige Advokaten des military-industrial complex:

Dov S. Zakheim, oberster Rechnungsprüfer im Pentagon, davor im Beraterstab der beiden großen Rüstungskonzerne McDonnell-Douglas (Tochter von Boeing) und Northrop Grumman
Morton Abramowitz, bis 1997 Präsident des Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, der auch Robert Kagan angehört. Davor politischer Berater des Kommandanten der Pazifikflotte und “Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research”
Richard Armitage, während der ersten Amtszeit von Bush junior Vizeaußenminister. Im Aufsichtsrat des Rüstungskonzerns CACI, der auch für Abu Ghraib teilweise verantwortlich war.
Jeffrey Bergner, Lobbyist unter Anderem für Boeing und Monsanto
John Bolton, UN-Botschafter Amerikas/Israels
Frank Carlucci, Ronald Reagans Verteidigungsminister, danach bei der berüchtigten Carlyle Group
Seth Cropsey, Lobbyist bei ‘Greenberg Traurig’, vorher Vizestaatssekretär der Navy und ein leitender Posten im Verteidigungsministerium
Dennis Deconcini, früher Senator im Geheimdienstkommitee, jetzt Lobbyist bei ‘Parry, Romani, DeConcini & Symms”
Morton H. Halperin, unter Clinton Direktor des Politikplanungsstabs im Außenministerium, Besonderer Assistent des Präsidenten im Nationalen Sicherheitsrat, und ein Berater des Verteidigungsministers
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, UN-Botschafterin unter Reagan, Beraterin des ‘Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs’
Mark Lagon, ‘Staffer in the Office of Policy and Planning’ im Außenministerium
Richard Perle, bis 2004 Chef des Defense Policy Board im Pentagon, 1981 bis 1988 Vizestaatssekretär im Verteidigungsministerium. Chef einer study group des Council On Foreign Relations. Gleichzeitig Co-Chef der Rüstungsfirma Hollinger International und Managing Partner der Rüstungsfirma Trireme Partners. Co-Autor des maßgeblichen israelischen Strategiepapiers “A Clean Break”
Stephen Solarz, Council On Foreign Relations, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
Helmut Sonnenfeldt, früher im Außeniministerium und im Nationalen Sicherheitsrat
William Howard Taft IV, ein Nachkomme des 27. Präsidenten der USA
Ed Turner, damals Vizeexekutivpräsident des Nachrichtensenders CNN
Wayne Owens, 3 Amtszeiten als Abgeordneter im Kongress

Weitere Unterzeichner sind Nina Bang-Jensen, George Biddle, John Heffernan, Lane Kirkland, und Peter Kovler.

Diesmal stieß die Kriegstreiberei von PNAC auf fruchtbareren Boden, undam 24. März 1999, ein halbes Jahr nach dem Brief, beginngt Präsident Clinton mit der Bombardierung Jugoslawiens.

Der Plan für das neue amerikanische Jahrhundert

Nach diesen “Testläufen” der eigenen Agenda und ihrer Implementierfähigkeit beginnt beim PNAC gewissermaßen eine neue Stufe der Aktivität. Mit dem 75-seitigen Report “Rebuilding America’s Defenses: Strategy, Forces and Resources For a New Century” geht lässt PNAC die Katze vollends aus dem Sack und formuliert die eigenen Ziele und den Plan für das neue amerikanische Jahrhundert mit erschreckender Klarheit. Im Nachhinein ließt sich das Dokument wie der Fahrplan für die kommenden Jahre der Außenpolitik Bushs.

In der Einleitung äußert PNAC erstmal seine Besorgnis darüber, dass das exorbitante Verteidigungsbudget in den nächsten Jahren stagnieren oder gar sinken könnte. Während das Pentagon und der Kongress bis dahin geplant hätten, die Lücke zwischen Budget und Aufgaben durch ein Zurückfahren der Aufgaben zu schließen, will PNAC das Budget erhöhen. Das Ziel dieser Militärstärkung soll te auch weiterhin die Rolle der USA als einzige Weltmacht garantieren. “Heute steht weltweit kein (gleichwertiger) Rivale Amerika gegenüber. Amerikas primäre Strategie sollte es sein, diesen Vorteil auszubauen und so weit es geht in die Zukunft auszudehnen.”
Darüberhinaus gibt PNAC in der Einleitung freimütig zu, dass ihr Strategiepapier auf einem ähnlichen Papier aus Dick Cheneys Tagen als Verteidigungsminister unter Bush senior basiert. Cheneys “Defense Policy Guidance” von 1992 unterstrich damals schon die angebliche Notwendigkeit höherer Rüstungsausgaben. Nachdem Cheney diese Strategie alleine nicht durchsetzen konnte und die folgende Clintonregierung seine Pläne weitgehend ignorierte, beginnt er mit PNAC also gemeinsam mit Gleichgesinnten Hardlinern einen neuen Versuch.

In seinen “Key Findings” nennt das Papier dann vier zentrale Aufgaben, die die amerikanischen Streitkräfte zu erfüllen haben:

1. Verteidigung des amerikanischen Heimatlandes

2. Mehrere gleichzeitig verlaufende Kriege führen und entscheidend gewinnen

3. In kritischen Regionen die Aufgabe einer Art “Schutzpolizei” erfüllen, die (dort) mit der Formung eines stabilen Umfelds verbunden ist

4. Transformierung der Streitkräfte, damit sie von der “Revolution der Kriegsführung” profitieren

Damit diese vier wichtige Aufgaben erfüllt werden können, sind aus der Sicht des Projektes folgende Dinge nötig:

1. Die atomare Überlegenheit muss aufrecht erhalten werden, nicht nur im Hinblick auf Russland, sondern auch im Hinblick auf zukünftige Gefahren.

2. Die Truppenstärke der Streitkräfte muss von jetzt 1,4 Millionen Soldaten auf 1,6 Millionen Soldaten erhöht werden.

3. Die amerikanischen Streitkräfte müssen neu ausgerichtet werden, um auf die sicherheitstechnische Realität des 21.
Jahrhunderts zu reagieren. Dazu müssen in Südosteuropa und Südostasien permanent Streitkräfte stationiert sowie allgemein die Marineverlegungspläne angepasst werden, um die wachsenden strategischen Interessen der USA in Ostasien zu reflektieren.

4. Ausgewählte Streitkräfteteile der USA müssen modernisiert werden. So muss zum Beispiel das F-22 Programm fortgeführt werden, Unterstützungsflugzeuge (wie z.B AWACS), Truppentransporter und andere Flugzeuge müssen verstärkt beschafft werden. Sowohl reguläre als auch Unterseemarineeinheiten müssen aufgestockt werden. Für die Armee müssen Comanche-Helikopter und mittelschwere Fahrzeuge, für das Marinekorps das V-22 “Osprey” Transportflugzeug.

5. Hinderliche Programme müssen gestrichen werden, die zwar exorbitante Teile des Pentagonbudgets verbrauchen, aber im Vergleich mit den schon vorhandenen Möglichkeiten nur wenig Verbesserung bringen würden. zB der Joint Strike Fighter, die CVX Flugzeugträger und der Crusader-Haubitze.

6. Ein weltumspannendes Raketenabwehrsystem muss entwickelt und eingesetzt werden, um das amerikanische Heimatland sowie unsere Verbündete zu verteidigen, und um eine sichere Basis zu schaffen, von der aus Amerika seine Macht in der Welt ausspielen kann.

7. Die neuen “internationalen Gewässer”, der Weltraum und der “Cyberspace”, müssen (von Amerika) beherrscht werden. Eine neue Abteilung der Streitkräfte muss geschaffen werden, die US Space Forces, die den Weltraum beherrschen muss.

8. Damit die konventionellen Streitkräfte der USA auf lange Sicht überlegen bleiben, muss die “Revolution der Kriegsführung” ausgenutzt werden. Dazu muss der Nutzen der aktuellen Waffensysteme durch die Anwendung neuer Technologie maximiert werden, tief greifendere Verbesserungen der militärischen Möglichkeiten durchgeführt und ein Wettkampf zwischen den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Streitkräfte angeregt werden.

9. Der Verteidigungshaushalt muss schrittweise auf mindestens 3,5% bis 3,8% des Bruttoinlandprodukts erhöht werden, was einem Anstieg um jährlich 15 bis 20 Milliarden $ bedeuten würde.

In seinem Strategiepapier fordert das Projekt also vor Allem das, was seine Klientel um Halliburton und Boeing noch reicher macht - Rüstungsausgaben. Sowohl die F-22 als auch der Comanche-Helikopter sowie das V-22 Luftlandeflugzeug werden von Boeing gebaut, auf deren Gehaltsliste nicht nur eines der PNAC-Mitglieder steht. Nach den implizit empfohlenen Kriegshandlungen (auch in den Briefen vor diesem Strategiepapier) würde und wurde automatisch eine Phase des Wiederaufbaus einhergehen, bei der dann Dick Cheneys ehemaliger Konzern Halliburton fette Gewinne einstreicht.
Während ich manchen Mitgliedern des PNAC nicht absprechen will, dass es ihnen wirklich um eine Dominanz amerikanischer Werte geht, so deuten die verfügbaren Fakten darauf hin, dass für viele PNAC-Mitglieder ihr Aufruf zum amerikanischen Imperium vor Allem dem eigenen finanziellen Gewinn und dem Gewinn ihrer Auftraggeber aus dem militärisch-industriellen Komplex dient.

Die Implementierung des PNAC-Planes

Da George Bush viele Mitglieder des PNAC zwei Monate nach der Veröffentlichung des Strategiepapiers “Rebuilding America’s Defenses” in die höchsten Ränge seiner Administration berief wundert es nicht, dass große Teile ihres Planes alsbald in die Tat umgesetzt wurden.

Zunächst einmal wäre da die wichtigste Forderung des PNAC, die Erhöhung des Verteidigungshaushalts. Dieser ist von knapp unter 300 Milliarden $ bei Bushs Amtsantritt auf 513 Milliarden $ angestiegen, die für 2007 geplant sind. Dies entspricht einer Erhöhung in nur 7 Jahren um 71% und jetzt 4,2% des amerikanischen Bruttoinlandprodukts, und damit mehr als den von PNAC geforderten 3,5 bis 3,8%.

Auch die Prioritäten wurden wie von PNAC gewünscht verändert. Da wäre zunächst einmal die Verschiebung des Fokus amerikanischer Außenpolitik weg von Europa hin nach Asien. Diese Verschiebung geschah sowohl auf militärischem Wege als auch mit wirtschaftlichen Mitteln.
Wie von PNAC gefordert, wurde die amerikanische Marine verstärkt im Pazifik eingesetzt, so zum Beispiel bei der bis dato größten Flottenübung im Pazifik, der “Rim of the Pacific 2004″. Die von PNAC geforderte Repositionierung der in Übersee stationierten Truppen wurde ebenfalls Realität, als Präsident Bush im August 2004 ankündigte, 70.000 Soldaten vor Allem aus Europa abzuziehen.
Wirtschaftlich wurde die Neuausrichtung vor Allem über die Energiepolitik vollzogen. PNAC-Mitglied und Vizepräsident Dick Cheney leitete alsbald die Sondergruppe “National Energy Policy Development Group”. Diese empfahl Präsident Bush im Mai 2001 unter Anderem, sich bei der Sicherung von Ölfeldern nicht nur auf die persische Region und die loyalen Saudi-Arabier zu konzentrieren, sondern auch andere Gebiete wie das Kaspische Becken anzuzapfen. Ein wichtiges Mittel dabei sollte das “Caspian Pipeline Consortium” sein, das von den amerikanischen Ölkonzernen ExxonMobil und ChevronTexaco geleitet wird.

Auch die weiteren Restrukutrierungsmaßnahmen beim Militär wurden von Bush anstandslos durchgesetzt. So gab er der Forderung von PNAC nach, das Atomwaffenarsenal nicht Etwa abzubauen, sondern zu modernisieren und so wie gefordert die nukleare Überlegenheit auch weiterhin zu sichern. Zwei der von PNAC als überflüssig deklarierten Waffensysteme, der CVX-Flugzeugträger und der Crusader-Haubitze wurden in der Entwicklung eingestellt.

Die Forderung von PNAC nach einem “weltumspannenden” Raketenabwehrsystem werden ebenfalls erfüllt. Am 28. Januar 2001 gibt Präsident Bush in seinem Haushaltsplan bekannt, dass man ein solches Raketenabwehrsystem für sich und seine Verbündete aufbauen werde. Am 13. Dezember 2001 ebnete Bush dafür dann weiter den Weg, indem er dem russischen Präsidenten Putin bekannt gab, dass Amerika aus dem ABM-Vertrag aussteigt. Und selbst nach 43 Milliarden dafür aufgewendete Dollars und nicht einem einzigen erfolgreichen Test in 4 Jahren hält die Regierung am Raketenabwehrsystem fest und fordert für nächstes Jahr weitere 10 Milliarden $ für das Programm.

Zu guter Letzt bleibt noch die Forderung, den Weltraum zu militarisieren und den Cyberspace zu beherrschen. Für militarisierte Weltraumforschung will Präsident Bush für das kommende Haushaltsjahr eine Milliarde $ haben, und eine “Nationale Strategie für die Sicherung des Cyberspace” gibt es auch vom Präsidenten.

Stand dieser Umsetzung des PNAC-Plans irgendetwas im Weg ?

Angesichts der hochrangigen Positionen, die die Mitglieder des PNAC in der Bushregierung einnehmen, ist es eigentlich nicht verwunderlich, dass sie sich ziemlich sicher sind dass ihre Vision der Transformierung Amerikas vom Präsidenten umgesetzt und Realität werden könnte. Das einzige, was solchen ambitionierten imperialen Plänen in der Regel im Weg steht, ist die eigene Bevölkerung. Die immensen Erhöhungen des Verteidigungsbudgets und damit die Gewinne der Klientel der PNAC-Mitglieder müssen schließlich bezahlt werden, und so kommen mit dem neuen amerikanischen Jahrhundert unweigerlich Steuererhöhungen und neue Schuldenberge auf den Bürger zu.
Weil die Mitglieder des PNAC aber Ahnung haben von dem was sie tun und in diversen Administrationen jahrelange Politerfahrung gesammelt haben, sind sie sich dieser “Hürde Bürger” durchaus bewusst:

“Der Prozess der Transformierung wird wahrscheinlich ein sehr langwieriger Prozess sein, (…) außer es gäbe einen katastrophalen, katalysierenden Vorfall - wie ein neues Pearl Harbor“.

PNAC hatte Glück, denn bekanntlich geschah am 11. September 2001, ein Jahr nach Veröffentlichung von “Rebuilding America’s Defenses”, eben so ein neues Pearl Harbor, Amerika wurde angegriffen. Und tatsächlich hatte dieser Angriff eine katalysierende Wirkung, vereinte er doch die Amerikaner hinter ihrem Präsidenten und weckte er doch die Rufe nach mehr Sicherheit und damit mehr Verteidigungsausgaben.

Ein erfolgreiches Projekt geht zu Ende

Wenn man sich die (Außen-)politik von Präsident Bush seit seinem Amtsantritt anschaut, kann man nur zu dem Schluss kommen, dass das Projekt für das neue amerikanische Jahrhundert ein voller Erfolg war. Die Kriege gegen Jugoslawien und gegen den Irak wurden geführt, und außer der Aufstockung der Streitkräfte von 1,4 Millionen Soldaten auf 1,6 Millionen Soldaten wurde so ziemlich jedes Ziel erreicht, und die diversen Projektmitglieder haben ihre einflussreichen Positionen immer noch inne. Selbst der äußerst unpopuläre Verteidigungsminister Donald Rumsfeld wurde noch nicht gefeuert.
PNAC scheint auch selber der Meinung zu sein, dass seine Mission erfüllt ist. Denn in letzter Zeit hat es kaum mehr etwas von sich hören lassen und nur spärlich offene Briefe oder andere Publikationen veröffentlicht. Im April 2005 wurde noch ein Papier zur schwierigen Lage im Irak geschrieben, und davor am 28. Januar 2005 wurde der Kongress abermals aufgefordert, die Truppenstärke der Armee zu erhöhen und damit auch das letzte große PNAC-Ziel umzusetzen.
Größere Strategiepapiere jedoch wurden nicht mehr veröffentlicht, und das PNAC scheint sich mehr oder weniger in einer Phase der Auflösung zu befinden. Auch oder gerade deshalb ist es an der Zeit, sich eingehend mit diesem vielleicht einflussreichsten aller Denkfabriken Washingtons zu beschäftigen, so lange die Informationen und Texte noch auf der PNAC-Homepage verfügbar sind.

DaRockwilda
Debating World Domination: Bilderberg Meets in Canada's Capital
Iran and Venezuela on their secretive agenda


by James P. Tucker Jr.

June 9, 2006
American Free Press


The secretive group known as Bilderberg will hold its annual secret meeting at the posh Brook Street Resort a few miles from Ottawa, Canada, June 8-11.

The location and part of the agenda was disclosed to American Free Press by a source inside Bilderberg’s inner circle.

High on the Bilderberg’s secret agenda this year are oil prices and the political upheaval in Latin America. When meeting last year in Rottach-Egern, Germany, Bilderberg called for dramatic increases in the price of oil. Oil prices started climbing immediately from a barrel to .

Whether Bilderberg will call for still higher prices is unclear, but Henry Kissinger and others had gleefully anticipated ultimate prices at 0 a barrel a year ago. Bilderberg is certainly concerned about supply, which is related to the “Latin American problem,” as one insider said.

Approximately 120 international leaders in politics and finance will also discuss the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, which has caused a rare breach between American Bilderbergers and their European counterparts since the United States Iraq invasion in 2003. Whether the United States should invade Iran is also high on the agenda.

Bilderberg is especially concerned about Venezuela, where as part of a plan to increase revenues from its petroleum industry President Hugo Chavez said May 7 he would impose a new tax on companies that extract oil from his country. Big Oil is represented at Bilderberg by Jeroen van der Veer of The Netherlands, chairman of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and Franco Bernabe of Italy, vice chairman of Rothschild Europe, among others. “We are going to create a new oil tax, called the tax on extraction,”
Chavez said. “The companies that are pumping oil in Venezuela are making a lot of money.” Chavez accused foreign oil companies of exploiting his country’s vast petroleum reserves without paying sufficient taxes. Venezuela is the world’s fifth-largest oil exporter but has troubled oil barons by sending cheap petroleum to needy American families and subsidizing domestic use so local citizens pay 12 cents a gallon.

Venezuela has voided oil-pumping contracts with private companies at 32 fields and replaced them with a mixed-company model that gave Venezuela’s state-owned Petroleos de Venezuela SA a minimum 60 percent stake. Chavez has also sharply raised royalties and taxes, and reduced potential drilling acreage by almost two-thirds. He is also resisting expansion of NAFTA throughout the hemisphere, a prime Bilderberg goal.

Chavez’s outspoken criticisms of the United States make it unlikely that American Bilderbergers can help smooth over the supply problem. However, banker David Rockefeller’s family has always had a heavy interest in oil and other investments in South America.

President Bush will have a top White House aide representing him at Bilderberg, and high officials of the state, defense and treasury departments will attend. Heads of state and other high officials in government and banking will attend from Europe and Canada.

Bilderberg’s agenda also includes the turmoil in the Middle East, nuclear proliferation, with an emphasis on Iran, North Korea and Pakistan, and global warming.

The Bilderberg group takes it name from the hotel in Holland where the group met in 1954, during the earliest period of its inception. Bilderbergers meet regularly, presumably on a once-a-year basis, at various locations around the world, always in extreme secrecy, often at resorts controlled by either the Rockefeller or Rothschild families. The Rothschild family is the leading European force within the Bilderberg Group, sharing its power with the American-based Rockefeller empire.

Bilderberg maintains an extremely low profile and seldom, if ever, publishes reports or studies for the public, at least, under its own official aegis. Participants denied the groups very existence for decades until it was forced into the open by the glare of media publicity, generated largely by the now defunct Spotlight newspaper.
The information that follows provides the history of a Roadshow of Deception. The Roadshow of Deception was used to demonstrate psychological warfare techniques and strategies to different Whitehouse Administrations. The Roadshow of Deception was used to convince different presidential administrations to use psychological warfare techniques on American citizens.
Four people staged and presented the Roadshow of Deception. They were Nelson Rockefeller, Hadley Cantril, Gerard B. Lambert, and Adlebert Ames. However, there were many other men involved in developing the psychological warfare techniques; putting together the communication apparatus to apply those techniques; and effectively coordinating the psychological operations (PSYOPS) used to manipulate the American public and people in other nations. Many of the men worked in United States intelligence agencies and the US Department of State. Many of the men worked in the British Secret Service and the British State Department. The Americans belonged to a group called the Council on Foreign Relations; the British to a group called the Royal Institute of International Affairs.

The Council on Foreign Relations and the Royal Institute of International Affairs were formally founded in 1919. The Council on Foreign Relations and Royal Institute of International Affairs continue to effectively coordinate psychological operations used to manipulate the American public and people in other nations. The Council On Foreign Relations headquarters is the Pratt House, 58 E. 68th Street, NY, NY, 10021. England's Royal Institute of International Affairs headquarters is Chatham House, 10 St. James' Square, London, SW1Y 4LE, UK. The Council on Foreign Relations and the Royal Institute of International Affairs have branch organizations in other nations including Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia, India, France, China, Japan, Netherlands, and the Soviet Union.1

Few Americans have heard of the Council on Foreign Relations. The Council grew out of a secret society funded by money left by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes was a racist, a sexist, a white supremacist, and an imperialist. Lord Rothschild and Alfred Beit bankrolled Rhodes. Rothschild and Beit were racist, sexist, white supremacist, and imperialists too.The banking house of Rothschild maintained one of the great intelligence services of the nineteen century. The private intelligence they gathered helped the Rothschild's to successfully place their investments. According to former CIA chief Allen Dulles, "In 1815, while Europe awaited news of the Battle of Waterloo, Nathan Rothschild in London already knew that the British had been victorious. In order to make a financial killing, he then depressed the market by selling British Government securities; those who watched his every move in the market did likewise, concluding that Waterloo had been lost by the British and their allies. At the proper moment he bought back in at the low, and when the news was finally generally known, the value of government securities soared." In American the banking houses of Morgan and Rockefeller would come to maintain the great intelligence services of the 20th century. The intelligence services of the houses of Morgan and Rockefeller would include control of the intelligence services of the United States government. Many agents of the banking houses of Morgan and Rockefeller would go to work for United States intelligence agencies. During World War I, one of the most important elements of agent authentication was the fabrication of passports, identification cards and other documents. The censorship and documents branch was headed by Commander Henry S. Morgan of the United States Naval Reserve, a son of financier J. P. Morgan Jr.. Morgan's agency collected and compiled intelligence from mail, cables, and telephone conversations intercepted by the War Department under the government's wartime censorship powers. 2

John Cecil Rhodes and his followers knew how to apply psycho-political operations effectively to justify their conquests. The conquests were made in the name of an ideology -- civilizing "the white man's burden." Rhodes would leave a legacy that would help to formalize international psycho-political operations and covert activities.

Cecil Rhodes was instrumental in establishing British control over South Africa. Rhodes gained fabulous riches digging diamonds in South Africa. In 1888 Rhodes consolidated several diamond companies into the De Beers Consolidated Mines. The same year Rhodes sent ten thousand pounds to England for the cause of Irish Home Rule. In 1889 Rhodes obtained the charter for the British South Africa Company. Rhodesia was named in his honor. Rhodes became a South African statesman. Rhodes established a racist system of government which would be named apartheid.

The racist policy called for strict separation of the races. Blacks were restricted to certain occupations. Blacks received far lower wages than whites for the same work. Only whites could run for or hold public office. In 1948 the policy of separate development of the races was made official. The new policy was called apartheid. On May 31, 1961 the Union of South Africa withdrew from the British commonwealth and became the Republic of South Africa. Until the end of 1993 the Government of South Africa was a trilateral parliament. The parliament had one house for whites; one house for Coloureds (people of mixed race); and one house for Asians. The parliament had no franchise or representation for blacks.

Between the ages of 24 and 26 Cecil Rhodes made seven wills. The first will established a secret society -- it was called the "Secret Society Will." The seventh will established the Rhodes Scholarships. The scholarships were to be awarded to Americans, Germans, and colonials for study at Oxford. All Souls College at Oxford would become the secret societies headquarters. Rhodes third will made his financier, Lord Rothschild trustee. The Rhodes Scholarship will changed the trustee to Rothschild's son-in-law Lord Rosebury. Rothschild was Jewish, Rosebury wasn't. Rosebury, was a more fitting trustee then his Jewish father-in-law.

Rhodes was born 5 July 1853. The first will, written in 1877, established the "Secret Society" --"The Round Table." Rhodes was the first Round Table leader. Rhodes' wills insured Round Table members the funds to carry on for generations to come. The men of the Round Table were English upper class -- the University Educated -- The Wealthy -- the Privileged. The group was publicly referred to as the English "establishment." Secret Society members included students from Oxford and Cambridge. The Oxford boys included Cecil Rhodes, Arnold Toynbee, Lord Alfred Milner, Arthur Glazebrook, Sir George Parkin, Philip Lyttleton Gell, and Sir Henry Birchenough. The Cambridge boys included Reginald Baliol Brett ( aka Lord Esher), Sir John B. Seeley, Lord Albert Grey, Arthur Edmund Garrett. The aim of the secret society, and the purpose of the Rhodes Scholarships, was to spread English ruling class tradition throughout the English-speaking world. The boys of Oxford and Cambridge would devote their lives to extension of the British Empire and uplift of England's urban masses as two parts of one project which they called "extension of the English-speaking idea." Pursuit of the "extension of the English-speaking idea" included becoming rich through war and plunder. The imperialism of the time of Rhodes generated billion in gold, diamonds, and slaves. The Round Table boys captured the lions share of the spoils resulting from their ignoble efforts.3

It was in the years following the Civil War that many of America's great fortunes would be made. England had launched its industrial revolution one hundred years earlier. Fortunes were made by both northern and southern families during the civil war. Many men that made fortunes from the Civil War sent their sons to England for an education. Some boys attended preparatory schools some attended Universities such as Cambridge and Oxford. Some boys went abroad accompanied by American nannies. Some of the nannies sent abroad had been slaves before the war, and were now gainfully employed by their former masters. The men and their wives traveled abroad to visit their sons and tour England. Pompous manor houses in the English style sprung up on the sooty hillsides outside Pittsburgh. Entire rooms where purchased from Northumbrian castles and shipped to Tarrytown along with acres of heavy English Furniture. English butlers and nannies were hired and brought back to America as servants. A newly acquired "social voice" developed. It was a blend of the Southern accent, Yankee accent, and inflections copied from the British aristocracy. While attending Oxford and Cambridge many of the American boys became interested in the pursuit of the "extension of the English-speaking idea" which included becoming rich through war and plunder. Some of these American boys were invited to join the "Round Table." 4

The Round Table remained secret for 14 years. The Oxford boys and the Cambridge boys were introduced to each other by one of England's most sensational journalists William T. Stead (1840-1912). Like Rhodes, Stead was a racist, a white supremacist, a sexist, and an imperialist. Rhodes enjoyed Stead's articles. The two became close friends. On February 5, 1891 Rhodes and Stead formally established the secret society "The Round Table". Rhodes was the leader. William Stead, Reginald Baliol Brett ( the Cambridge Group - Lord Esher ), Alfred Milner (from the Oxford Group - Lord Milner) formed an executive committee. In 1897 Milner became high commissioner in South Africa and Governor of the Cape Colony. Lord Arthur Balfour, Sir Harry Johnson, Lord Rothschild, and Lord Albert Grey were listed as members of a "Circle of Initiates." An outer circle known as the "Association of Helpers" would be established in other nations. The first two secret Round Table Groups of the outer circle were the Australia Round Table and New Zealand Round Table were established between 1890-1893. William T. Stead recruited members through his magazine Review of Reviews.5

In 1902 Rhodes died. The leadership of the Round Table passed to Lord Alfred Milner who became chief Rhodes Trustee. While governor general and high commissioner in South Africa Milner recruited a group of young men from Oxford and Toynbee hall to help organize his administration. In South Africa under Milner's direction this group was known as Milner's "Kindergarten." Sir George Parkin became the Organizing Secretary of the Rhodes' Trust and Milner's second in command. During the next seven years the "Round Table" was busy establishing a network in the chief British Dependencies and in the United States. The United States Round Table members included ( George Louis Beer, Walter Lippmann, Frank Aydelotte, Whitney Shepardson, Thomas W. Lamont, Jerome D. Green, Frederick Dixon, and others ). One of the functions of the network would be to gather private intelligence. The intelligence services of the Round Table would be modeled after one the great intelligence services of the nineteenth century -- the intelligence services of the banking house of Rothschild, made available to the group by Lord Rothschild, a charter member of the Round Table, and the sugar daddy that bankrolled Rhodes. The intelligence gathering activities would be used to help the "Round Table Group" members to achieve successful investments. The intelligence gathering activities would also be used to provide information to media people like Stead, who would focus psychological operations at different target groups through various publishing houses and newspapers controlled by Round Table group members. Council members George Louis Beer, Edward Mandel House, Walter Lippmann, Whitney Shepardson, James T. Shotwell, Charles Seymour, and Isaiah Bowman would become charter members of America's first formal Intelligence organization the Inquiry. The idea for the Inquiry was suggested to President Wilson by Felix Frankfurter.

Between 1909-1913 the outer circle,the 'Association of Helpers,' was expanded to other chief British dependences. The Canadian Round Table was established by Arthur Glazebrook and George Parkin (Milner's Oxford undergraduate friends). The South Africa Round Table was established by Sir Patrick Duncan, B. K. Long, and Sir Dougal Malcom (men of Milner's "Kindergarten"). The India Round Table was established by Sir William Marris, Lord James Meston, and Lord Malcom Haily (men of Milner's "Kindergarten"). The Australian Round Table and New Zealand Round tables were expanded by Parkin (1889-1910) and Lionel Curtis (1910-1919). The secret society "Round Table" groups were financed with Rhodes' money and funds from Rhodes' supporters including Alfred Beit (1853-1906), Sir Abe Bailey (1864-1940), and the Astor Family (1915). Since 1925 substantial contributions have been made by foundations and firms associated with the international banking fraternity especially the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, J.P. Morgan organizations, Rockefeller Family organizations, Whitney Family organizations, the associates of Lazard Brothers, and Morgan, Grenfell, and Company.

The Rothschild banking dynasty was founded in Frankfurt Germany by Mayer Amschel Rothschild. Rothschild had five sons. Each son would establish a branch in a different country. Amschel, the eldest, remained in Germany with his father. Solomon, the second son, founded a branch in Vienna Austria. Nathan, the third son, founded the London branch. Carl the fourth son, founded a branch in Naples Italy. Jacob, the fifth son founded the Paris branch. Other international family banking dynasties arose including Baring, Larzard, Erlanger, Warburg, Schroder, Selingman, the Speyers, Mirabud, Mallet, Fould, Peabody, and Morgan.6

The most effective means of controlling political appointments and deciding political issues was through a Round Table Group controlled international financial network. The banking dynasties differed markedly from regular savings or commercial banks. They had special names, in England they were known as "merchant bankers," in France they were called "private bankers," and in the United States, there were known as "investment bankers." The characteristics that distinguished an "investment bank" included : 1. they were international ( which meant "investment banks didn't owe allegiance to any one nation, their allegiance shifted in favor of the nation resulting in the banking network maximizing its profit); 2. they lent money to the government ( which meant "investment banks", to paraphrase McKenna, directed the policy of Governments and held in the hollow of their hands the destiny of the people ); 3. they made money from investments in bonds (which meant "investment banks" were interested in controlling the countries inflation rates. Knowing how inflation would go was like knowing which horse would win a horse race in advance. An "investment bank" could make money in periods of inflation or deflation if they knew which was going to happen) 4. they remained private unincorporated firms, usually partnerships (which meant since the "investment banks" were private unincorporated firms they did not have to make their business public. Since the public did not know if the "investment banks" were buying or selling bonds the "investment banks" could use this knowledge to help control inflation and deflation by buying and selling. This also meant that the "investment banks" could keep their commercial ventures a secret. This included financing such ventures as Cecil Rhodes South African adventure. It also allowed financing covert operations that would result in the imperialism of the time of Rhodes that generated billion in gold, diamonds, and slaves through war and plunder. It also allowed the same "investment bank" to make money by financing both sides of a war. During the Civil War the House of Rothschild and other banking dynasties made money by financing both the northern and southern causes. A the famous American banking house that financed both the northern and southern causes was the banking house of George Peabody & Company. George Peabody & Company made London its base of operations so it could take part in directing the capital which flowed from Europe to pioneering America. J. P. Morgan's father was a partner in George Peabody & Co. J. P. Morgan began working at his daddies famous London banking house as an apprentice when he was 19 years old. He left London in 1857 and returned to the rising financial center to establish a banking house of his very own. In March 3, 1863 Morgan was investigated by a Committee on Government Contracts. Morgan was investigated for participating in the purchase and resale of defective rifles to General Fremont who headed the Northern troops quartered near St. Louis. The defective rifles shot off the thumbs of soldiers using them. The army refused to pay. Morgan filed a claim against the government for 9,912. Morgan had loaned only ,486 to purchase the defective weapons. The committee report refused Morgan the payment. The committee report on Morgan, said, "He cannot be looked upon as a good citizen, entitled to favorable consideration of his claim, who seeks to augment the vast burdens daily increasing, that are to weigh on the further industry of the country, by demands upon the treasury for which nothing entitled to the name of an equivalent has been rendered...Worse than traitors in arms are the men who pretending loyalty to the flag, feast and fatten on the misfortunes of the nation, while patriot blood is crimsoning the plains of the South and bodies of their countrymen are moldering in the dust." 7

In the period between the end of the civil war and the beginning of the 20th century the United States changed from a merchantile-agrarian democracy to a unified industrial society. A small group of young entrepreneurs was largely responsible for the change. This group gained economic control of the nation. The men "were Jay Gould, Jim Fisk, J. P. Morgan, Philip Armour, Andrew Carnegie, James Hill and John Rockefeller, Collis Huntington, Leland Stanford, [and] Jay Cooke. In the ensuing years all of the members of this band of youth would have met with their first "windfalls"... and the end of the war would see them masters of money, capitalists equipped to increase their capital. In the hour of danger and confusion it was as if they alone were prepared. It was as if the Second American Revolution were fought for them. "

The members of this new ruling class were generally called "barons," "kings," "empire-builders," or even "emperors". They were aggressive men; sometimes they were lawless; in important crises, nearly all of them tended to act without those established moral principles which fixed more or less the conduct of the common people of the community.." 8

Morgan, Rockefeller, and Carnegie were members of the Cecil Rhodes' American Round Table Group. The Robber Barons engaged in intense rivalries. These rivalries often resulted in severe economic depressions causing misery for hundreds of millions of people, in various nations throughout the world. The rivalries and picturesque combats were played out in the press. Sometimes the press was used to initiate the depression. In June of 1871, Pierpoint Morgan joined forces with Anthony Drexel, the second largest "investment banker" in Philadelphia. A company called Drexel, Morgan & Co. was formed and linked to the J.S. Morgan branch in London. The Northern Pacific Railroad was the country's second transcontinental railroad. It was being financed by the most powerful "investment banking" house in the United States Jay Cooke and Co., the largest "investment banker" in Philadelphia. Cooke had a virtual monopoly on government financing. Cooke was the major source of money for funding the North during the civil war. He operated through a Washington DC banking house, his partner was Anthony Drexel. Cooke was so successful at raising money for the war effort that he eventually became the sole fiscal agent of the government. G.W. Childs ran the Philadelphia Ledger. Drexel, Morgan's new partner, had loaned Childs the money to establish the Philadelphia Ledger. In June of 1871, the Philadelphia Ledger began attacking the Northern Pacific Railroad. Ulysses Simpson Grant ran for re-election in 1872. Cooke was counting on Grant to be re-elected. Part of Grant's re-election promise was a 0,000,000 government loan to "refinance" the Northern Pacific Railroad. Cooke spent a lot of money to help Grant win. Cooke was providing ,000,000 a month for Railroad Construction. This money was coming from the sale of Northern Pacific bonds by Jay Cooke & Co. offices in the United States and in London.. The adverse publicity at home and abroad hurt bond sales. Cooke could only sell enough bonds to cover 0,000 of the ,000,000 a month needed by Northern Pacific. Cooke had to buy the other 0,000 in bonds himself, which he did. The Railroad started having problems; a section sank into a northern lake, the President was ousted for corruption. As time approached for the 0,000,000 refunding loan the Philadelphia Ledger beefed up its anti-Northern Pacific campaign. It printed a rumor that Cooke needed the new government funding operation to "bolster up their credit, which had been impaired by the connection with the Northern Pacific." In February of 1873 the 0,000,000 loan went down to defeat. Cooke had been counting on the loan -- so had a lot of other people. Cooke's troubles made money tight, the price of gold soared in London. Drexel & Morgan Co. did quite well. Northern Pacific bonds became harder and harder to sell. On September 18th Grant and Cooke were eating breakfast at Cooke's home in Philadelphia. Cooke received a telegram from his partner in New York. Cooke and the President went to the Philadelphia office. There Cooke told the President and his Philadelphia associates that at 11:00 his partner closed the doors of the branch office in New York. Cooke turned his face away from the President and the men who surrounded him and cried. A few minutes latter the doors to Jay Cooke & Co., Third St., Philadelphia swung shut. Soon allied brokers and 5,000 commercial houses followed it into bankruptcy. The Wall Street rout continued for ten days. It was everyman for himself. Only the strongest survived. The strongest were Morgan, Rockefeller, and Carnegie, the men who belonged to America's Round Table. A few young adventures preyed upon the rich debris and became rich themselves. One of the scavengers was Edward H. Harriman. The country entered a depression that would last for five years.9

By 1901 there were two major "investment banks" left in the United States The House of Morgan, and the House of Rockefeller . A powerful but smaller firm was the House of Kuhn-Loeb & Co. These three houses were all closely connected to the Round Table group. The chief financial genius of Kuhn, Loeb and & Co. was Round Table group member Otto Kahn (February 21, 1867- March 29, 1934). Kahn was born in Mannheim, Germany. Otto's father was a financier for the Deutsche Bank. Otto went to work at the bank when he was seventeen. At twenty-one Otto was transferred to the London Branch, grew fond of London and became a British Citizen. At twenty-six (1893) Otto accepted a position with the banking house of Speyer & Company in New York. The House of Speyer was one of the largest and oldest international banking dynasties in Europe. That year a financial panic began that lasted four years. After two years at Speyer (1895), Otto Kahn returned to Europe to travel, study art, and listen to music. On January 6, 1896 Kahn married Addie Wolff, daughter of a former partner of Khun-Loeb & Co. Kahn became a member of the Khun, Loeb & Co. a year latter. Kahn and his wife were wealthy. Kahn collected art and became a major force in establishing the Metropolitan Opera Company. In 1902 Paul and Felix Warburg, of the House of Warburg, another of the largest and oldest "investment banking" houses in Europe arrived in America. They left their brother Max in Frankfurt Germany to run the family bank. Paul Warburg married Nina Loeb, Felix married Jacob Schiff's daughter Frieda Schiff. Jacob Schiff was the senior partner at Kuhn-Lobe & Co. Both brothers became Kuhn-Lobe partners. Paul Warburg's salary was 0,000 a year. Kahn became the chief financial genius of Kuhn-Loeb & Co. Prior to America's entry into World War I, another Round Table member was hired by Kuhn-Loeb & Co, like Kahn, he was an Englishman and member of the Round Table. His name was Sir William Wiseman. Wiseman was the New York Section Chief of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service. After America's entry into the war Wiseman would leave Kuhn & Lobe and serve as intermediary between President Wilson's administration and the British government. Wiseman was introduced to Wilson by another Round Table member, Edward Mandel House. Wiseman returned to Kuhn Lobe & Co. shortly after the Paris Peace Conference. While Wiseman's work in the Secret Intelligence Agency allegedly ended, he remained in contact with his successor agents who held that post in the years between wars including: Maurice Jeffes; Captain Henry Maine; Commander H.B. Taylor, Royal Navy; Captains Sir James Paget, Royal Navy; and William Stephenson. 10

Kahn entered Kuhn-Loeb & Co. just as Edward Harriman was rising to power. Harriman depended upon Kahn for financing his titanic railroad transactions. Harriman was also aligned with the House of Rockefeller. The other major railroad baron was James J. Hill, who was aligned with the House of Morgan. J. Pierpoint Morgan had surrounded himself with a group of partners. All his partners were energetic -- many were handsome enough to be Hollywood leading men, though Morgan wasn't much to look at himself. The ablest of his partners were Charles H. Coster (a railroad expert) , Egisto Fabbri (an Italian economist and mathematician), George W. Perkins (from the First National Bank), George F. Baker (from the First National Bank) , George S. Bowdoin, J. Hood Wright, and Robert Bacon (future Ambassador to London). Morgan and his partners had been busily acquiring direct control of numerous banks and insurance companies. In his campaign of secret alliances Morgan controlled the National Bank of Commerce, First National Bank; and was linked to Hanover, Liberty, and Chase. Morgan dominated three great life insurance companies New York Life, Equitable Life, and the Mutual Life. As 1900 approached these companies owned about one billion dollars in assets. By law they were required to invest ,000,000 each year. Morgan Partners Perkins, Baker, and Morgan were also life insurance company directors. Morgan and his partners would buy securities from themselves. Morgan was investigated, twice. One investigation was directed by Charles Evans Hughes ( the Armstrong investigation in New York). The other was the Pujo Committee investigation lead by Louis Brandeis. The Pujo investigation concluded that Morgan directed a great pool of banks and insurance companies to purchase securities he floated; then the proceeds of these securities were deposited either directly into the House of Morgan, or its controlled banks, the First National, the Bank of Commerce etc. The Pujo committee found that Rockefeller's National City Bank co-directors Cleveland H. Dodge, James Stillman, J. Ogden Armour, William Rockefeller operated in the same way. Brandeis concluded, "They control people through people's own money. The power and growth of power of our financial oligarches comes from wielding the savings and quick capital of others." The House of Morgan and the House of Rockefeller already knew that. With the investigations closed they lost no further time and extended themselves with amazing speed in a concentrated effort to control all of the nations savings. 11

A spectacular contest for the stock of Northern Pacific Railroad began between the Hill-Morgan forces and the Harriman-Rockefeller-Kahn forces (May 3-9, 1901). The Northern Pacific stock was run up by Robert Bacon of Morgan and Company. The public, didn't know exactly what was happening. The perception given by the press was that the House of Rockefeller and the House of Morgan were locked in a life-and-death struggle. The by-product was a sudden panic. When the smoke cleared thousands of people had been ruined. Morgan was blamed. Morgan replied, "I owe the Public Nothing." The Round Table groups House of Morgan and House of Rockefeller shook hands and formed an interlocking directorship. The Truce of 1901 was negotiated by the Round Table Groups House of Khun Lobe & Co. With their rivals out of the way the Round Table Group members began a psycho-political operation to give the public a perception of a much mellower and virtuous group of capitalists. As a result the public perceived the age of the "Robber Baron" was over. What they didn't know was the age of the "Subtle Fascist" had begun.12

Edward Mandell House was the seventh son of a seventh son. According to House, "We originally came from Holland and the name was Huis, which finally fell into House. Father ran away from home and went to sea when a child, and did not return to his home until he had become a man of property and distinction. He came to Texas when it belonged to Mexico. He joined the revolution, fought under General Burleson, and helped make Texas a republic. For his services in this war he received a grant for land in Coryell County. He lived to see Texas come into the Union, secede, and return to the Union. He lived in Texas under four flags."13 According House's biographer, Charles Seymour, "Thus wrote Colonel House in the summer of 1916, when a brief lull in his political activities gave opportunity for him to reconstruct on paper something of the background that lay behind his rapid rise to national and international eminence. Although the family was in its origin Dutch, his forbearers were for some three hundred years English, and it was from England that his father ran away. House himself, a seventh son, was born in 1858, at Houston, Texas, and this State he has always regarded as his home. Even more than those of Wilson or Walter Page, with whom he later was so closely associated, his first years were touched by the excitement and turmoil of the times."14 The turmoil of the times was the Civil War (1861 - 1865). Thomas House had become a millionaire growing Cotton on his Coryell County land. Thomas House used some of his money to buy ships. The ships carried goods that were bought and sold. Two commodities House traded in were cotton and slaves. Some Southerners managed to profit from the Civil War. Thomas House was one. When the war began Lincoln blockaded the Southern coast. Thomas House increased his wealth by using his ships to run the blockades.Thomas House became rich and avoided risk by hiring men to run the blockades while he observed safely from shore. According to Edward House, "During the war he sent many ships out from Galveston with cotton, to run the blockade to near-by ports, such as Havana and Belize Honduras. At that time we had a house in Galveston as well as in Houston. The Galveston home covered an entire block. The house was a large red brick Colonial one, with white pillars, and an orange grove took up most of the grounds, and oleanders encircle them.

In determining when to send his ships out, Father was governed largely by the weather. Dark, stormy nights were the ones chosen. In the afternoon he would go up to the cupola of our house, and with his glasses he would scan the horizon to see how many Federal gunboats were patrolling the coast. Then his ship would go out in the early part of the night. In the morning, at daylight, he would be again on the lookout to count the Federal gunboats, to see if any were missing. If they were all there, he felt reasonably sure his ship had gotten through the blockade.

It would be months before he knew definitely whether his ships had come safely to port or whether they had been captured. When he lost one, the loss was complete; but when one got through, the gain was large. He had a working arrangement with the Confederate Government by which the return voyage brought them clothing, arms, and munitions of war of all kinds.

The terrible days between Lee's surrender and bringing some sort of order out of the chaos in the South made a lasting impression on my mind. I cannot recall just now long the interim was, but it must have been a full year or more.

There was one regiment of Texas soldiers that came to Houston and disbanded there. They looted the town. They attempted to break into Father's storehouse, but he stood at the doors with a shotgun...Murder was rife everywhere; there was no law, there was no order. It was unsafe to go at night to you next-door neighbor's. When Father had this to do, he always reached for his shotgun or six-shooter and held it ready to shoot while both going and coming."15 Men of war met at the House plantation to discuss military strategy. One of those men was Jefferson Davis. On January 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing "all slaves in rebellion." The proclamation encouraged slaves to rebel and kill their owners -- their reward would be their Freedom. Slave owners had cause to hate Lincoln. Lee's surrender on April 9th 1865 was bad news for Thomas House -- his blockade running business was over. Lincoln would be assassinated five days latter. This encouraged southern troops to fight on. The news of Lincoln's assassination was a cause for celebration at the House plantation. The last rebel troops surrendered a month later May 26, 1865. In 1866 the Ku Klux Klan formed secretly in the South. They were a vigilante group, that terrorized blacks, and used frontier justice against carpet baggers, and criminals that traveled throughout the south during reconstruction. Thomas House and some of Edward's older brothers joined the Texas Klan. 16

After the civil war Edward was sent to preparatory school in England. Edward developed close friendships with his English schoolmates. Some of Edward's schoolmates would become members of Cecil Rhodes Round Table group, so would Edward. Some of Edward's schoolmates would grow up to become the most powerful English diplomats and spies in Britain. Edward would grow up to be on of the most powerful diplomats and spies in America. Edward's mother died when he was fourteen. Edward returned to the States to complete his education. According to House, "I had expected to be able to enter Yale, but I found myself wholly unprepared and reluctantly entered the Hopkin's Grammar School of the Class of '77...What I had been taught was of but little use, and I would have been better off as far as Latin and Greek were concerned if I had known nothing and had started from the beginning. I studied but little, and I soon found I should have difficulty in joining the Class of '81 in Yale. Meanwhile, Oliver T. Morton, a son of Senator Oliver P. Morton of Indiana, and I had become fast friends and we agreed to tutor and go to Cornell instead of Yale. Both Morton and I were more bent on mischief than upon books and, while the mischief was innocent, it made us poor students." 17

House didn't get good grades -- House did get a good education.Oliver T. Morton's father was a potential Republican presidential Candidate. Morton was an Republican. House, being from the south, was an ardent Democrat. The youngmen's friendship, coupled with an interesting political presidential race, would provide House with educational experience, that no planned curriculum could ever have offered. The youngmen followed the election campaign. They argued politics, they read about politics, they debated political issues, and they cut class to attend political meetings. House relates, "Every near-by political meeting I attended, and there was no one more interested in the nomination and election of the presidential candidates of 1876 than I. At every opportunity I would go to New York and hang about Democratic Headquarters which, I remember, were at the Everett House in Union Square. I used to see Mr. [Samuel] Tilden go in and out, and wondered then how so frail a looking man could make a campaign for President.

Bayard, Blaine, and others I heard speak whenever the opportunity occurred, and I believe that I was as nearly engrossed in politics as I have ever been since.

Before the nominations were made, I was, of course, hoping to see young Morton's father nominated for President, and it was a bitter disappointment to us both when the telegraph operator handed us out the first slip giving new that the Republicans had compromised upon Rutherford B. Hays. The operator knew us, for we were continually hanging about the office instead of attending to our studies. Morton's father was such a poser at the time that there was no difficulty in his having access to any information that was to be had.

Ardent Democrat that I was, and ardent Republican that he was, young Morton and I had no unpleasant discussions. After the election and during the contest that followed, it was utterly impossible for me to bring myself to think of desk or books. I was constantly going to Washington with Morton, in order to be near the center of things. I was usually the guest of the Mortons, who lived at the time at the Ebbitt House. I knew much of everything that was going on. Republican leaders would come in day and night to consult the distinguished invalid who was directing the fight for Hayes. In this way, directly and indirectly, I saw and met many well-known Republicans in public life at that time."18

When the election results of 1876 came in Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) believed he had lost the election to Samuel Tilden (Democrat). It was discovered that a few Southern States had submitted two different sets of electoral votes. A dispute arose over the result. A electoral commission was appointed by Congress. Eight Republicans and seven Democrats served on the commission. All the disputed votes were awarded to Hayes. Hayes became president by one electoral vote. Hayes did keep a promise he made to the Southerners -- he withdrew troops from all areas still occupied in the South, ending the era of reconstruction. 19

In 1880 Thomas House died. Edward House dropped out of Cornell and returned to Texas. Edward inherited his father's greatest wealth the cotton plantations. The Civil war had made it impossible for Edward to inherit his father's slaves. Edward managed the plantations for ten years. In 1890 he sold the plantations and invested the money in bank notes. The interest provided Edward Mandell House with financial independence for the rest of his life.20

Besides the Plantations, Edward inherited his daddies friends. They were older than Edward. After the civil war they were the men that formed the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klaners were the old-timers who dispensed vigilante justice. Some of that justice was warranted -- some of the justice was simply murder. By 1880 a new legitimate group was in charge of dispensing justice in Texas -- the Texas Rangers. They wore stars, carried arms, were paid salaries, and killed in the line of duty. They were hard men, and tough men. They were aggressive, virile and domineering men. Intimidation was one way they used to keep the peace. Many of them had big brawny bodies -- all of them had big egos -- all of them had six-shooters buckled around their waists. Many of the Texas Rangers were members of the Klan. Edward was the new master. It was Edward's job to gain their loyalty. Edward gained their loyalty by stroking their egos. Edward would use his money and influence to try and make them famous. Edward described his new friends as "that intrepid band that made Texas what she is to-day. I make obeisance to them! Nothing daunted them. They tore a principality from a sovereign state and moulded a trackless wilderness into a great commonwealth. These men were the heroes of my childhood; and now when I am growing old and have seen many men and many lands, I go back to them and salute them, for I find they are my heros still."21

One of the oldest and perhaps best of these "friends" was a Texas Ranger named Captain Bill McDonald. According to House, "In my early boyhood I knew many of the Bill McDonalds type, although he was perhaps the flower of them all. I knew personally many of the famous desperados, men who had killed so many that they had almost ceased to count their victims.

There were two types of so-called "killers" - one that murdered simply for the pure love it, and others that killed because it was in their way of duty. Bill McDonald belonged to this latter class. So also did Blue-eyed Captain McKinney of the Rangers, whom I knew in my ranching days in southwest Texas.

McKinney was finally ambushed and killed, as almost every sheriff of La Salle County was killed during that particular period. Whenever I went to our ranch, I was never certain that I would return home alive. Feuds were always going on, and in some of these our ranch was more or less involved."22

Many of the Sheriff's of La Salle county were little more than hired thugs -- licensed to kill. They were loyal to the men running the county. If those men's interest were threatened the Sheriffs administered discipline. The Governor of Texas from 1890 to 1894 was Governor Hogg. Edward Mandell House was instrumental in getting Hogg elected. During his administration rail-road workers struck. Governor Hogg used Texas Ranger Bill McDonald to break up the strike. According to House, "Governor Hogg...broke up strikes during his administration. Captain Bill McDonald, of the Ranger Service, was the instrument he used. Hogg sent word to the leaders that if they continued to uncouple cars, or to do anything that might interfere with the movement of trains, he would shoot holes through them big enough to see through. When Bill conveyed this to the ringleaders and presented himself as the instrument through which it was to be done, lawlessness ceased." Edward inherited the Texas Ku Klux Klan.23

The success of the Hogg campaign insured the political position of House in Texas. Edward Mandell House helped to make four men governor of Texas (James S. Hogg (1892), Charles A. Culberson (1894), Joseph D. Sayers (1898), and S. W.T. Lanham (1902)). After the election House acted as unofficial advisor to each governor. House would say in regard to the Hogg election, "So in politics I began at the top rather than at the bottom and I have been doing since that day pretty much what I am doing now; that is, advising and helping wherever I might." Hogg, caught onto House. Hogg gave House the title "Colonel" by promoting House to his staff. Appointment to the official Staff of the Governor was a Texas political custom of dubious honor. Along with the staff position came a uniform they could wear to official gatherings or "bestow upon an ancient and grateful darkey." Governor Hogg appointed House to his staff without telling him. Upon receiving the staff officer's uniform House did give it to a servant. The title Colonel stuck. Despite his protest, he became "Colonel House" or even "The Colonel.".24

House wanted to control more than Texas, House wanted to control the country. House would do so by becoming a king maker instead of a king. House learned by controlling two or three men in the Senate; two or three men in the House; and the President -- he could control the country. Edward saw his father, Thomas, become rich and avoid risk by hiring men to run the blockades while observing safely from shore. House would do the same in the political arena. He would find a candidate that he could influence. He would be instrumental in helping that candidate achieve office. He would influence the candidate from behind the scenes. The people would perceive one man was representing them, when in reality, an entirely different man was in control. House could influence that man to betray his constituents with no risk to himself. House had learned a great secret -- how to control a country. House didn't need to influence millions of people, he need only influence a handful of men. The less the people knew about him or what he was doing, the better off he was. House would profit from remaining in the shadows. House would help establish a secret society in America that would operate in the same fashion -- the Council on Foreign Relations.

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson (president of Princeton 1902-1910, governor of New Jersey 1911-13) ran as a Democrat in a three man presidential race. Howard Taft was the incumbent Republican. Former President Theodore Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket. Wilson's main financial genius and support came from a group of directors of the House of Rockefeller's National City Bank including: Cleveland H. Dodge, J. Ogden Armour, James Stillman, and William Rockefeller. Otto Kahn, and Jacob Schiff of the House of Khun-Lobe & Co. provided additional financial support. The House of Morgan guided the Progressive campaign of Teddy Roosevelt. Morgan partner George Perkins provided Roosevelt with money, speeches, and men from Wall Street to help his campaign. The House of Morgan also gave money to the Wilson campaign. The republican vote was divided and Wilson was able to beat them both, won by a land slide, and became 28th President of the United States. After the election Wilson's financial backers provided him with their own agents to act as unofficial advisors. Among these advisors was a young lawyer named Felix Frankfurter. Frankfurter worked for the New York "establishment" law firm Hornblower, Byrne, Miller and Potter. Another adviser was Edward Mandell House. Without House, Wilson may never have become president. Wilson was nominated as Democratic candidate because of support from William Jennings Bryan. Colonel House obtained Bryan's support for Wilson. House became Wilson's closest unofficial advisor. The Round Table Group had four pet projects, a graduated income tax, a central bank, creation of a Central Intelligence Agency, and the League of Nations.25

In the period between 1901 and 1913 the House of Morgan and the House of Rockefeller formed close alliances with the Dukes and the Mellons. This group consolidated their power and came to dominate other Wall Street powers including: Carnegie, Whitney, Vanderbilt, Brown-Harriman, and Dillon-Reed. The Round Table Group wanted to control the people. The Round Table Group would control the people by controlling the government. The Round Table Group would control the government by using the government to tax people and having the government deposit the peoples money in a central bank. The Round Group would take control of the bank and therefore have control of the money. The Round Table Group would take control of the State Department and formulate government policy, which would determine how the money was spent. The Round Table Group would control the CIA which would gather information about people, and script and produce psycho-political operations focused at the people to influence them to act in accord with Round Table Group State Department policy decisions. The Round Group would work to consolidate all the nations of the world into a single nation, with a single central bank under their control, and a single International Security System.

Between 1901-1913 the Establishment worked hard at achieving these goals. Some of the men involved were American Round Table group members and insiders Allen Dulles, John Dulles, Dean Rusk, Jerome Greene, James T. Shotwell, John H. Davis, Elihu Root, and Philip Jessup, Felix Frankfurter, and Edward Mandell House. Some of the first legislation of the Wilson Administration was the institution of the graduated income tax (1913). An inheritance tax was also instituted. These tax laws were used to rationalize the need for legislation that allowed the establishment of tax-exempt foundations. The tax-exempt foundations became the link between Round Table members private corporations and the University system. The Round Table Group would control the Universities by controlling the sources of their funding. The funding was money sheltered from taxes being channeled in ways which would help achieve Round Table Group aims. With the achievement of the graduated income tax, the American Round Table Group focused on establishing the United States Central bank.26

On March 13, 1907 a financial panic was triggered by rumors that the Knickerbocker Bank, and The Trust Company of America were about to become insolvent. The rumors were started by the House of Morgan. There was a run on the banks. Morgan helped to avert the panic he helped to create. Morgan imported 0 million worth of gold from Europe to stop the run on the banks. This exercise was a Round Table group psycho-political operation. It provided America with the perception and rationalization that what the United States needed was a central banking system.

The Senate created the National Monetary Commission to study the problem. Senator Nelson Aldrich (John D. Rockefeller's father-in-law) headed the commission. To investigate the matter the Commission toured the continent of Europe to study the European central banking system. Aldrich didn't have any banking experience. It took nearly two years and 0,000 of tax-payer money to wine and dine the men of the European central banking system before the committee was able to complete their study. Towards the end of 1910, a group of men held a secretive meeting on Jekyl Island, Georgia. The meetings purpose was to write the final recommendations for the National Monetary Commission report. Senator Aldrich arranged the meeting. The men who attended included: Henry P. Davison (House of Morgan - J.P. Morgan and Co.); Benjamin Strong (House of Morgan - Bankers Trust Co.); Frank A. Vanderlip (House of Rockefeller - National City Bank ); A. Piatt Andres (Assistant Secretary of the Treasury); and Paul Warburg ( House of Warburg and House of Khun-Lobe & Co.). According to the memoirs of Frank Vanderlip, "Despite my views about the value to society of greater publicity for the affairs of corporations, there was an occasion, near the close of 1910, when I was as secretive - indeed as furtive - as any conspirator...I do not feel it is any exaggeration to speak of our secret expedition to Jekyl Island as the occasion of the actual conception of what eventually became the Federal Reserve System." Congress created the Federal Reserve to stabilize and secure the nations financial system. President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve act on 23 December 1913.27

In December of 1963, on the fiftieth anniversary of the Federal Reserve, the fifth edition of a book titled, The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions was printed. As with earlier editions, the purpose of the book was to better public understanding of the System's trusteeship for the nations credit. This edition, and the former editions, were collaborative products of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors staff. The book tells us that the Federal Reserve's, "original purposes, as expressed by its founders, were to give the country an elastic currency, to provide facilities for discounting commercial paper, and to improve the supervision of banking." It then explains, "From the outset, there was recognition that these original purposes were in fact parts of broader objectives, namely, to help counteract inflationary and deflationary movements, and to share in creating conditions favorable to a sustained, high level of employment, a stable dollar, growth of the country, and a rising level of consumption. Acceptance of the broader objectives has widened over the years.

Over the years too, the public has come to recognize that these domestic objectives are related to the country's ability to keep its flow of payments with foreign countries in reasonable balance over time. Today it is generally understood that the primary purpose of the System is to foster growth at high levels of employment, with a stable dollar in the domestic economy and with over-all balance in our international payments.

How is the Federal Reserve System related to production, employment, the standard of living, and our international payments position? The answer is that the Federal Reserve, through its influence on credit and money, affects indirectly every phase of American enterprise and commerce and every person in the United States..." In 1924 Reginald McKenna chairman of the Board of Midland Bank, and former British Chancellor of the Exchequer (i.e. head of the Central Bank of England 1915-16), told Midland Bank stockholders in England "They who control the credit of a nation direct the policy of governments and hold in their hands the destiny of the people." The Board of Directors of the United States Federal Reserve system must have been familiar with McKenna. Midland Bank was established by the head of the Round Table, Lord Alfred Milner.

The Federal Reserve is a corporation, accountable to the United States government, but owned by banks which have purchased shares of stock. The Federal Reserve Bank is the bankers banker. If a commercial or savings bank wants to lend more money to customers, it borrows money from its bank - the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve is a watchdog that audits every banks records to make sure loan decisions are based on sound judgements and that regulations are being followed. The Federal Reserve is; the controller of the currency; the US Governments bank where, the Treasury has its bank account; the nation's check-clearing system - processing over 15 billion checks a year; and keeper of the worlds gold. The gold is kept in a vault at the New York Federal Reserve bank. Most of the gold stored in the Fed belongs to other nations and represents about one-third of the official gold reserves of the the world's non-communist countries.

The Federal Reserve is run by a seven-member board of Governors appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Terms of office last 14 years to insulate governors from political pressures. Terms are staggered, with one expiring every two years. There's one chairman and one vice-chairman, both of whom hold terms of four years. The seven members of the board of Governors, the President of the Federal Reserve bank of New York, and 4 other Federal Reserve Bank Presidents are members of a group called the Federal Open Market Committee. This Committee is responsible for the purchase and sale of government securities. That means that they are responsible for influencing the cost and availability of money and credit.

In 1913, Colonel House helped to pick the charter members of the original Federal Reserve Board. Among those chosen were Paul Warburg [ House Warburg and House of Khun-Lobe & Co. ] and Benjamin Strong [ House of Morgan and House of Khun-Lobe & Co. ]. House, Warburg, and Strong were American Round Table group members. According to Round Table Group historian, Carrol Quigley, the aim of the dynastic banking houses was, "...nothing less than to create a world system of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the world as a whole. This system was to be controlled in a feudalist fashion by the central banks of the world acting in concert, by secret agreements arrived at in frequent private meetings and conferences. The apex of the system was to be the Bank for International Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the world's central banks which were themselves private corporations. Each central bank , in the hands of men like Montague Norman of the Bank of England, Benjamin Strong of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, Charles Rist of the Bank of France, and Hjalmer Schact of the Reichs bank, sought to dominate its government by its ability to control Treasury loans, to manipulate foreign exchanges, to influence the level of economic activity in the country, and to influence cooperative politicians by subsequent economic rewards in the business world."28

Montague Norman was a member of the British Round Table Group, Benjamin Strong was a member of the American Round Table Group. According to Quigley, "Strong owed his career to the favor of the Morgan Bank, especially of Henry P. Davison, who made him secretary of Bankers Trust Company of New York (in succession to Thomas W. Lamont) in 1904, used him as Morgan's agent in the banking rearrangements following the crash of 1907, and made him vice-president of the Bankers Trust (still in succession to Lamont) in 1909. He became governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as the joint nominee of Morgan, Kuhn, Loeb and Co. in 1914. Two years later, Strong met Norman for the first time, and they at once made an agreement to work in cooperation for the financial practices they both revered."29

Alan Greenspan, Paul Volcker, G. William Miller, and William McChesney Martin have all chaired the Federal Reserve board. All are members of the Council on Foreign Relations. As of September 1993, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that handling losses in failed savings and loan institutions would cost 0 billion from 1990 through 1998 (this figure does not include billion spent before 1989). Wasn't one of the jobs of the Federal Reserve to be watchdog? In 1987 leaders of America's major banks went to Tokyo. They met with our finance minister and governor of the central bank. They urged more positive cooperation by Japanese banks. The big American banks were caught in the dilemma of their Latin American Debt. On the one hand, they had to suffer the losses caused in part by their own overlending, which meant they could not continue being exposed to new loans to Latin America. On the other hand, they were unable to jettison Latin America, which for them was an important market. The leaders of the banks attending the meeting were John Reed of Citibank, Willard Butcher of Chase, Lewis Preston of Morgan, and Tom Clausen of the Bank of America. Reed, Butcher and Preston are all members of the Council on Foreign Relations.

With the creation of the Central Bank the Round Table Group focused their attention on creating a Central Intelligence Agency and the League of Nations. Prior to America's entry into the war, the State department, not the justice department, had assumed the role of dealing with German Subversion and sabotage. The "rationalization" was counterespionage was more a problem of foreign relations than of domestic law enforcement. Frank L. Polk, a "northeastern establishment" lawyer the State Departments chief legal officer became the focal point of United States government counterespionage activities. Polk coordinated the counterespionage work of groups such as the Secret Service, the Bureau of Investigation, and British Naval Intelligence. In September of 1917 Felix Frankfurter suggested the idea for a new agency to President Wilson. The new executive agency would be a planning organization to prepare American policy for President Wilson. Frankfurter explained that the new agency would work closely with the State department to help formulate the policy. The State Department would forward copies of consular reports and other information requested by the agency. The agency would also obtain information from private sector sources. These sources would include the National Geographic Society, the Carnegie Institution, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The General Rubber Company, the Standard Oil Company of New York, and the American Tobacco Company. Wilson liked Frankfurter's idea and established the agency. Its charter members were Colonel Edward Mandell House, Walter Lippmann, James T. Shotwell, and Isaiah Bowman. The typical staff member was recruited from an Ivy League University. Academic disciplines included geography, economics, modern languages, and especially history. There were several lawyers on Staff. One David Hunter Miller, was in charge of the agency's financial accounts. Hunter had joined the State Department in 1917. He had been a law partner of Gordon Auchincloss. Auchincloss worked in the State department and was Colonel House's son-in-law. The agency was America's first Central Intelligence Agency. The agency was given the cryptic name the Inquiry. The Inquiry headquarters were established in the offices of the American Geographical Society whose director was Isaiah Bowman. 30

The Inquiry had been in existence less than three months when it received an urgent message from the White House to complete its mission. The Inquiry was asked to produce its formulation of American Policy immediately. On 8 January 1917 Wilson assembled a joint session of Congress. He presented his Fourteen Points. They were designed to appeal directly to the people of Europe, over the heads of their government. The 14 Points were drafted by members of the the Inquiry. The members of the Inquiry became charter members of the Council on Foreign Relations. The 14 Points were an abysmal failure. Many of the best were traded off at the Paris Peace conference to insure the successful acceptance of the League of Nations. The League of Nations made it through the Paris Peace Conference. The American people objected to the League of Nations because they didn't want other nations deciding whether or not to send American citizens to war. The senate turned down the League of Nations. But, the American Round Table Group had established three of its four pet projects, a graduated income tax, a central bank, creation of a CIA ( the Inquiry ).31

The American and British Round Table groups were the secret society's back bone. By 1914 (the beginning of World War I) there were secret Round Table Groups established in seven countries: 1. England, 2. the United States, 3. South Africa, 4. Canada, 5. Australia, 6. New Zealand and 7. India. In 1919 (after the Paris Peace Conference) the seven Round Table Groups were formally established as the Institute of International Affairs at a meeting held at the Majestic Hotel in Paris on March 19, 1919. The meeting was hosted by Edward Mandell House. In 1920 the American Group broke off from the other six groups because of anti-British feelings in America caused by the War. The American Institute took the cryptic name the Council on Foreign Relations. The other six groups became the Royal Institute of International Affairs, with a central headquarters at Chatham house in England. Between 1919-1928 other Groups would establish their own Institute of International Affairs headquarters. The Canadian Group became the Canadian Institute of International Affairs in 1928. Canadian Institute of International Affairs (CIIA) headquarters are at 15 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S V9 (416) 979-1851 and 31 Wellesley Street, Toronto M4Y 1G9, Canada.

The semi-secret groups opened headquarters, held meetings, and published a quarterly magazine, The Round Table, to which all groups contributed. The groups kept in touch by personal correspondence, frequent visits, and through their quarterly magazine. Membership was by invitation only. But anyone could purchase a copy of the groups magazine, many influential non-members did. The stated purpose of the semi-secret organization was to study the international aspects of political, economic, and strategic problems; carry out research projects advised by study groups of selected leaders in education, public service, business and media; and operate international affairs fellowship programs. The unstated purpose of the groups centered on Cecil Rhodes desire to federate the English speaking peoples and to bring all the habitable portions of the world under their control. It was for this purpose Rhodes left part of his great fortune to found the Rhodes Scholarships at Oxford.
he Georgia Guidestones

The above structure was erected to tell us the peoples of the world that we are nothing to the ruling class.

A History Timeline of Population Control

by Robert Howard

Hard Truth/Wake Up America



The following excerpt was taken from an outline of a Government Project: The Wildlands Project.

...Humanity must drastically scale down its industrial activities on Earth, change its consumption lifestyles, stabilize and then reduce the size of the human population by humane means, and protect and restore wild ecosystems and the remaining wildlife on the planet."

The Wildlands Project

After this article the above link is invalid, and their site moved. However their views remain the same and the article A Wilderness View by Tom Butler editor of Wild Earth from their new site still reflects reduction of human population by so called humane means.



"Inasmuch as ye have done it unto
the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto Me."
(Matthew 25:40)


The Tartars had the idea of infecting the enemy by catapulting bodies infected with bubonic plague over the walls of the city of Kaffa. Some historians believe that this event was the cause of the epidemic of plague that swept across medieval Europe killing 25 million.

1763 The British during the French-Indian War. The Native Americans greatly outnumbered the British and were suspected of being on the side of the French. As an "act of good will" the British give blankets to the Indians, but the blankets came from a hospital that was treating smallpox victims and consequently smallpox raged through the Native American community and devastated their numbers.

1814 Andrew Jackson, whose portrait appears on the U.S. bill today, supervised the mutilation of 800 or more Creek Indian corpses, the bodies of men, women and children that his troops had massacred, cutting off their noses to count and preserve a record of the dead, slicing long strips of flesh from their bodies to tan and turn into bridle reins. ( Historian Ward Churchill, A LITTLE MATTER OF GENOCIDE; HOLOCAUST AND DENIAL IN THE AMERICAS, 1492 TO THE PRESENT (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1997). ISBN 0-87286-323-9. pg.186) U.S. Presidents And The Masonic Power Structure

1900: A U.S. doctor doing research in the Philippines infected of number of prisoners with the Plague. He continued his research by inducing Beriberi in another 29 prisoners. The experiments resulted in two known fatalities. GERM WARFARE The Hall of Shame

1911 Turkey established gun control. From 1915-1917, 1.5 million Armenians, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.

1915: A doctor in Mississippi produced Pellagra in twelve white Mississippi inmates in an attempt to discover a cure for the disease. GERM WARFARE The Hall of Shame

1918 The modern history of Biological Warfare (BW) starts in 1918 with the Japanese formation of a special section of the Army (Unit 731) dedicated to BW. The thought at the time was "Science and Technology are the Key's to Winning War and BW is the most cost effective."

1918-1919 Flu pandemic that killed over 20 million worldwide and over 500,000 here in the US.

1920's Unlike the malignant twists of nature, ranging from bubonic plague through to potato blight, which have killed masses throughout the ages, both the beef and pituitary hormone CJD crises were manmade. Scrapie, the sheep equivalent of BSE and CJD, has been around for more than two centuries. Somewhat differently, human spongiform encephalopathy was unheard of before two German physicians, Creutzfeldt and Jakob, independently reported the initial cases in the 1920s. BSE, too, was unheard of until a decade after cattle (aka Mad Cow) began to be fed the protein-rich remains of scrapie-infected sheep to accelerate their growth.

1929 The Soviet Union established gun control. From 1929 to 1953, approximately 20 million dissidents, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.

1930, April The Dallas-based law firm of Waters & Kraus announced today (March 2002) that it has received documents as a result of the discovery process in the case of Counter v. Eli Lilly & Company, et al, currently pending in Brazoria County, Texas that come from the archives of Eli Lilly & Company. The documents clearly demonstrate that Lilly's thimerosal product, the mercury-based vaccine preservative implicated in a number of recent law suits as causing neurological injury to infants, was known as early as April 1930 to be dangerous. Docs Show Eli Lilly Knew Mercury In Vaccines Was Known Dangerous In 30's

1930's Less known to the public is that fluoride also accumulates in bones. "The teeth are windows to what's happening in the bones," explained Paul Connett, Professor of Chemistry at St Lawrence University, New York, to these reporters. In recent years, pediatric bone specialists have expressed alarm about an increase in stress fractures among young people in the US. Connett and other scientists are concerned that fluoride-linked to bone damage in studies since the 1930s-may be a contributing factor. http://www.nexusmagazine.com/

1931 Japan expanded its territory by taking over part of Manchuria and Unit 731 moved in to secure "an endless supply of human experiment materials." Essentially all prisoners of war were available for Biological Warfare (BW) experiments.

1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation exposure experiments on American soldiers and civilian hospital patients. http://www.sightings.com/general4/usb.htm

1932 The Infamous Tuskegee Study
In recent history, we have seen the influence of occult population control advocates here in America. Nowhere is that influence better demonstrated than in the Tuskegee Study, a scientific research program in which 400 syphilis-infected black men were recruited by the U.S. Public Health Service back in 1932. The participants were all told that they would be treated for their infections, but instead of treating their illness, all medicines were withheld. The black men were then actively prevented from obtaining treatment elsewhere as their bodies, and the bodies of their wives and children, were systematically ravaged by disease. The evil men who conceived that Nazi-style study justified their atrocity by alleging that scientists needed to learn how untreated syphilis progressed in the human body. For a period of forty years, between 1932 and 1972, the genocidal Tuskegee Study continued. It was not until 1972, when one newspaper finally had the courage to break the story to the public, that the Tuskegee Study was finally terminated. The Population Control Agenda

1934 The original lesson about the infectious nature of these brain diseases mad cow disease" or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans) came from a 1934 vaccine catastrophe in the UK which brought scrapie, or "mad sheep disease", to almost 5,000 out of 18,000 lambs within two years of their immunization against louping-ill virus infection. Tracing back, scientists discovered that the vaccine serum was prepared from a number of lambs whose dams had subsequently developed scrapie, but the significance of scrapie passing vertically from ewes to their lambs, and horizontally from lamb to lamb by virtue of the vaccine injections, was kept from international eyes by a series of egotistical carry-ons which prevented the data from reaching the pages of the scientific literature for a further 15 years.

1935 The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally acts to stem the disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act since most of the deaths occurred within poverty-stricken black populations. http://www.sightings.com/general4/usb.htm

1935 China established gun control. From 1948 to 1952, 20 million political dissidents, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.

1938 Germany established gun control in 1938 and from 1939 to 1945, 6 to 7 million Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally ill, and 12 million Christians who were unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.

1939 Margaret Sanger organized her "Negro project," a program designed to eliminate members of what she believed to be an "inferior race." Margaret Sanger justified her proposal because she believed that: "The masses of Negroes ...particularly in the South, still breed carelessly and disastrously, with the result that the increase among Negroes, even more than among whites, is from that portion of the population least intelligent and fit..." The Population Control Agenda

1940 Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their own actions during the Holocaust. http://www.sightings.com/general4/usb.htm

1941 Japanese planes sprayed bubonic plague over parts of China. At least 5 separate instances of this occurring have been documented. In 1942 "bacterial bombs" were deployed on mainland China but these attacks were determined to be ineffective.

1942 The United States (US) becomes aware of the Japanese efforts in Biological Warfare (BW) and decided to start its own program. These acts were not the only atrocities committed, however. The Japanese released thousands of plague infested rats prior to their surrender, with unknown consequences. They also tested on American POW's during the war and the U.S. Government apparently knew about it, but did nothing (perhaps a worse atrocity). These people killed over 3000 POWs, including many Americans, in a variety of grisly experiments. What they did instead was to offer immunity to would-be war criminals in exchange for the information the Japanese learned from these experiments!

1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather than serve on active duty. http://www.sightings.com/general4/usb.htm

1942 Great Britain was also developing a program in Biological Warfare (BW). The program focused on anthrax spores and their viability and "range of spread" when delivered with a conventional bomb. The fateful Gruinard Island off the coast of Scotland was chosen as the site for this testing. It was thought that it was far enough off the coast as too prevent any contamination of the mainland, which later turned out to be false. The data gathered from these experiments was used by both Great Britain and the U.S. to develop bombs that were better able to effectively disperse spores.

1943 After an outbreak of anthrax in sheep and cattle in 1943 on the coast of Scotland that directly faced Gruinard, the British decided to stop testing. A tragic consequence of this testing is that even today Gruinard Island is contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores. The original idea for decontamination was to start a brushfire that burned off the top of the soil and killed all traces of the organisms. Unfortunately, the spores unexpectedly embedded themselves in the soil so total decontamination of the island was/is impossible. As long as no ground is disturbed, we are supposedly safe, but birds that travel back and forth from mainland to island probably don't know this!

1943 Planning began in 1943 with the appointment of a special New York State Health Department committee to study the advisability of adding fluoride to Newburgh's drinking water. The chairman of the committee was, again, Dr Harold C. Hodge, then chief of fluoride toxicity studies for the Manhattan Project. Subsequent members of the committee included Henry L. Barnett, a captain in the Project's Medical Section, and John W. Fertig, in 1944 with the Office of Scientific Research and Development-the super-secret Pentagon group which sired the Manhattan Project. Their military affiliations were kept secret. Hodge was described as a pharmacologist, Barnett as a pediatrician. Placed in charge of the Newburgh project was David B. Ast, chief dental officer of the New York State Health Department. Ast had participated in a key secret wartime conference on fluoride, held by the Manhattan Project in January 1944, and later worked with Dr Hodge on the Project's investigation of human injury in the New Jersey incident, according to once-secret memos.

1944 A Manhattan Project memorandum of 29 April 1944 states: "Clinical evidence suggests that uranium hexafluoride may have a rather marked central nervous system effect... It seems most likely that the F [code for fluoride] component rather than the T [code for uranium] is the causative factor." The memo, from a captain in the medical corps, is stamped SECRET and is addressed to Colonel Stafford Warren, head of the Manhattan Project's Medical Section. Colonel Warren is asked to approve a program of animal research on CNS effects. "Since work with these compounds is essential, it will be necessary to know in advance what mental effects may occur after exposure... This is important not only to protect a given individual, but also to prevent a confused workman from injuring others by improperly performing his duties. The author of the 1944 CNS research proposal attached to the 29 April memo was Dr Harold C. Hodge-at the time, chief of fluoride toxicology studies for the University of Rochester division of the Manhattan Project.

1944 When a severe pollution incident occurred downwind of the E.I. DuPont de Nemours Company chemical factory in Deepwater, New Jersey. The factory was then producing millions of pounds of fluoride for the Manhattan Project whose scientists were racing to produce the world's first atomic bomb. The farms downwind in Gloucester and Salem counties were famous for their high-quality produce. Their peaches went directly to the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City; their tomatoes were bought up by Campbell's Soup. But in the summer of 1944 the farmers began reporting that their crops were blighted: "Something is burning up the peach crops around here." They said that poultry died after an all-night thunderstorm, and that farm workers who ate produce they'd picked would sometimes vomit all night and into the next day. "I remember our horses looked sick and were too stiff to work," Mildred Giordano, a teenager at the time, told these reporters. Some cows were so crippled that they could not stand up; they could only graze by crawling on their bellies. The account was confirmed in taped interviews with Philip Sadtler (shortly before he died), of Sadtler Laboratories of Philadelphia, one of the nation's oldest chemical consulting firms. Sadtler had personally conducted the initial investigation of the damage. The farmers were stonewalled in their search for information about fluoride's effects on their health, and their complaints have long since been forgotten. But they unknowingly left their imprint on history: their complaints of injury to their health reverberated through the corridors of power in Washington and triggered intensive, secret, bomb program research on the health effects of fluoride. http://www.nexusmagazine.com/

1944 U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing. Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and lewisite. http://www.sightings.com/general4/usb.htm

1945 May. Newburgh's water was fluoridated, and over the next 10 years its residents were studied by the New York State Health Department.

1945-1955 Much of the original proof that fluoride is safe for humans in low doses was generated by A-bomb program scientists who had been secretly ordered to provide "evidence useful in litigation" against defense contractors for fluoride injury to citizens. The first lawsuits against the American A-bomb program were not over radiation, but over fluoride damage, the documents show. Human studies were required. Bomb program researchers played a leading role in the design and implementation of the most extensive US study of the health effects of fluoridating public drinking water, conducted in Newburgh, New York, from 1945 to 1955. Then, in a classified operation code-named "Program F", they secretly gathered and analyzed blood and tissue samples from Newburgh citizens with the cooperation of New York State Health Department personnel. The original, secret version (obtained by these reporters) of a study published by Program F scientists in the August 1948 Journal of the American Dental Association1 shows that evidence of adverse health effects from fluoride was censored by the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)-considered the most powerful of Cold War agencies-for reasons of "national security". The bomb program's fluoride safety studies were conducted at the University of Rochester-site of one of the most notorious human radiation experiments of the Cold War, in which unsuspecting hospital patients were injected with toxic doses of radioactive plutonium. The fluoride studies were conducted with the same ethical mindset, in which "national security" was paramount. http://www.nexusmagazine.com/

Hitler claimed to have gotten his inspiration for the "final solution" from the extermination of Native Americans in the U.S.

1947 By then, as the 1950s dawned, mad sheep disease was shown in the United States to jump the species barrier when a scrapie-infected food supplement brought a similar brain illness to farm-raised mink in 1947. By this stage, the medico-scientific fraternity was intensely preoccupied with another incurable brain illness, kuru, which had reached epidemic proportions amongst the Fore people living in the highlands of New Guinea. Anthropologists from the University of Adelaide unraveled a chain of events to trace the origin of kuru back to the reverent consumption of deceased tribal members' bodies. Kuru was essentially eradicated by New Guinean authorities acting in 1959 on the anthropological clue to outlaw the eating of human flesh.

1947 The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used with and without their knowledge.

1949 U.S. Army begins 20 years of simulated germ warfare attacks against American cities, conducting at least 239 open air tests.

1950 Sept. 20-26. One of the biggest experiments involved the use of Serratia marcescens and bacillus globigi being sprayed over 117 square miles of the San Francisco area, causing pneumonia-like infections in many of the residents. The family of one elderly man who died in the test sued the government, but lost. To this day, syraceus is a leading cause of death among the elderly in the San Francisco area.

1950 Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and mortality rates

1953 U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.

1953 CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would be used for mind control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing the agents on unwitting human beings.

1955 Another case was the joint Army-CIA BW test in 1955, still classified, in which an undisclosed bacteria was released in the Tampa Bay region of Florida, causing a dramatic increase in whooping cough infections, including twelve deaths.

1956 The Soviet Union accused the U.S. of using biological weapons in Korea, which lead them to threaten future use of Chemical and Biological weapons. This changed the focus of the U.S. program to a more defensive one. Before this, the bulk of the research was based at Ft. Detrick and used "surrogate biological agents" to model more deadly organisms. Most of the offensive tests were based on "secret spraying" of organisms over populated areas. This program was (supposedly) shut down in 1969.

1956 Cambodia established gun control. From 1975 to 1977, one million "educated" people, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.

Other experiments included tests on Minneapolis that were disguised as "smoke screen tests" because residents were told a harmless smoke was being tested so that cities might be 'hidden' from radar guided missiles.

1956 U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as public health officials test victims for effects.

1958 LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.

1960 The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the European population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code named Project DERBY HAT.

1963 The mass vaccination campaigns of the 1950s and '60s may be causing hundreds of deaths a year because of a cancer-causing virus that contaminated the first polio vaccine, according to scientists. Known as SV40, the virus came from dead monkeys whose kidney cells were used to culture the first Salk vaccines. Doctors estimate that the virus was injected into tens of millions during the vaccination campaigns, including several million in Canada, before being detected and screened out in 1963. Those born between 1941 and 1961 are thought to be most at risk of having been infected.

1964 Guatemala established gun control. From 1964 to 1981, 100,000 Mayan Indians, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.

1965 Aspartame is the technical name for the brand names, NutraSweet, Equal, Spoonful, and Equal-Measure. Aspartame was discovered by accident in 1965, when James Schlatter, a chemist of G.D. Searle Company was testing an anti-ulcer drug. Aspartame was approved for dry goods in 1981 and for carbonated beverages in 1983.

1965 Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of mind-altering drugs.

1965 Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for development of cancer, which indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.

1966 CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.

1966 July 7-10, The virus Bacillus subtilis was released throughout the New York subway system, conducted by the U.S. Army's Special Operations Division. Due to the vast number of people exposed it would virtually impossible to identify, let alone prove, and specific health problems resulting directly from this test.

1967 CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and chemical weapons.

1968 CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.

Often/ Chickwit -1967 Or 1968, Project OFTEN/CHICKWIT was initiated by the Army Chemical Corps and the CIA's Office of Research and Development to create new drug compounds "that could be used offensively." Hallucinogens were tested on inmates in Pennsylvania, but very little is known about the experiments. "CIA documents mention 'several laboratory accidents' in which a drug designated as EA-3167 produced 'prolonged psychotic effects in laboratory personnel' " U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the New York City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army scientists drop light bulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates. It would appear that the CIA's drug testing continued throughout the 1970s since, "A CIA memo dated March 8, 1971, indicates that a backlog of more than twenty-six thousand drugs had been acquired 'for future screening'

1968 - 69 The Hong Kong flu, which was influenza A type H3N2, killed over 30,000 people in the U.S. alone. That was a fortuitous learning event for some because it taught them that the flu could still conceivably be used to wipe out a population. But at the same time, it pointed out the need to precondition the populace so that those who might normally be resistant could be rendered susceptible. Hence the development of the vaccine program and the aerial spraying procedures to condition the population. The purpose of the chemicals in the chemtrail's is to help the viral envelope fuse with lung cells, permitting easier penetration and infection.

1969 At a House Appropriations hearing, the Defense Department's Biological Warfare (BW) division requested funds to develop through gene-splicing a new disease that would both resist and break down a victim's immune system. "Within the next 5 to 10 years it would probably be possible to make a new infective micro-organism which could differ in certain important respects from any known disease-causing organisms. Most important of these is that it might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious diseases." The funds were approved. AIDS appeared within the requested time frame, and has the exact characteristics specified.

1970 Uganda established gun control. From 1971 to 1979, 300,000 Christians, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.

1972 The World Health Organization (W.H.O.) published a similar proposal: "An attempt should be made to ascertain whether viruses can in fact exert selective effects on immune function, e.g., by ...affecting T cell function as opposed to B cell function. The possibility should also be looked into that the immune response to the virus itself may be impaired if the infecting virus damages more or less selectively the cells responding to the viral antigens." (Bulletin of the W.H.O., vol. 47, p 257- 274.) This is a clinical description of the function of the AIDS virus.

1972 It was discovered that black children as young as age five were having psychosurgery performed on them at the University of Mississippi in Jackson in order to control "hyperactive" and "aggressive" behavior. Their brains were being implanted with electrodes that were heated up to melt areas of the brain that regulate emotion and intellect. When we first opposed these experiments, and eventually stopped them, we did so despite resistance from organized psychiatry and the research community.

Mid-1970's The incidence of AIDS infections in Africa coincides exactly with the locations of the W.H.O. smallpox vaccination program in the mid-1970's (London Times, May 11, 1987). Some 14,000 Haitians then on UN secondment to Central Africa were also vaccinated in this campaign. Personnel actually conducting the vaccinations may have been completely unaware that the vaccine was anything other than what they were told.

1975 Two neuroscientists, Laura and (the late) Eli Manuelides, from Yale University in the US, went on to illustrate by 1975 that injections of human blood, like injections of brain taken from kuru and CJD victims, transmitted the disease across the species barrier to laboratory animals. Their prophetic, but unheeded, message implied that blood was the vehicle that carried the agent of CJD around the body until it chanced upon an hospitable residence like the brain. This meant that the blood route was the key to the transmission of CJD from a primary host to a secondary host.

1975 The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological Warfare Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under the supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a special virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus).

On October 5, 1976, just as the so-called "SWINE FLU" inoculation program was getting under way, news reports suddenly told us that we were experiencing fallout from an alleged Chinese atmospheric nuclear blast on September 26. Oddly enough, the initial reports about this came from the East Coast, especially Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut; but certain areas of the Pacific Northwest were soon mentioned as being affected too. We were told that radioactive iodine-131 was showing up in milk at various locations; but we were also assured, as we invariably are whenever any radioactive hazard appears, that there was really no danger. In the days that followed we continued to hear about the supposed Chinese fallout, but other things probably seemed even more worrisome. For example, elderly people began dying of heart attacks shortly after taking swine flu shots, causing widespread alarm at first. But the Government quickly assured us that their deaths didn't really matter at all, that they would have died anyway; and the swine flu inoculation program went right back into high gear. Dr. Peter Beter

1976 the joint KGB-CIA chemical warfare experimentation program began in Philadelphia at the American Legion Convention. A convenient test group was assembled, and it was exploited. Data was desired for the effects of a formulation of the new family of poisons on older men in particular, and the American Legion Convention was chosen as the perfect target. Aerosol spray cans containing poisoned room freshener were used to selectively saturate the atmosphere of the Legionnaires. Afterwards the special spray cans were taken from the hotel, leaving the city by airplane from a small airport on the northwest side of Philadelphia. Two of the active ingredients in the poison that produced the Legionnaires Disease were plutonium and zirconium. Dr. Peter Beter

August 1976 about a month after the Legionnaire episode, and had quite a different purpose; and so a different poison formula was used. Plutonium was again an ingredient, as it is in the entire line of chemical warfare agents now being tested; but this time the formula was designed for very rapid effect with the victims receiving a massive dose. On a day late in August two Air Force C-141 Starlifter transport aircraft that were preparing to leave McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey on flights over the Atlantic were sabotaged by the placement in their cockpits of concealed canisters of poison gas, rigged so that the gas would be released in flights without being detected. The two planes left McGuire at nearly the same time, and crashed within hours of one another when approaching separate destinations in Greenland and England. The very next day, with the wreckage of the aircraft hardly cooled, a Pentagon spokesman said, quote: "Sabotage does not appear to be a factor. It's not even being considered as a factor." Officials also said there was no apparent connection between the crashes. Apparently leaving the same Air Base at practically the same time and then crashing almost simultaneously without warning is not supposed to suggest the possibility of anything but coincidence. No doubt it is also coincidence that McGuire Air Force Base, the origin of these two strange fatal flights, is right next door to Fort Dix where the whole swine flu cover-up scare originated! Dr. Peter Beter

1976 Nobel Prize went to American scientist Carleton Gajdusek for his experiments demonstrating that injections of kuru brain (1967) and CJD brain (1969) reproduced similar illnesses in chimpanzees.

A striking feature of AIDS is that it's ethno-selective. The rate of infection is twice as high among Blacks, Latinos and Native Americans as among whites, with death coming two to three times as swiftly. And over 80% of the children with AIDS and 90% of infants born with it are among these minorities. "Ethnic weapons" that would strike certain racial groups more heavily than others have been a long-standing U.S. Army BW objective. (Harris and Paxman, p 265)

The "discovery" of the AIDS virus (HTLV3) was announced by Dr. Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute, which is on the grounds of Fort Detrick, Maryland, a primary U.S. Army biological warfare research facility.

1977 Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that 239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis.

1978 The Hepatitis B vaccine study appears to have been the initial means of planting the infection in New York City. The test protocol specified non-monogamous males only, and homosexuals received a different vaccine from heterosexuals. At least 25-50% of the first reported New York AIDS cases in 1981 had received the Hepatitis B test vaccine in 1978. By 1984, 64% of the vaccine recipients had AIDS, and the figures on the current infection rate for the participants of that study are held by the U.S. Department of Justice, and "unavailable."

1978-1987 Even as the understanding of spongiform encephalopathy increased, various human pituitary hormone programs in countries such as Australia, France, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and United States were attracting hefty government sponsorships. Few of the programs' stalwarts caught on to the implications of the Manuelides' experiments, and unsuccessful attempts between the years of 1978 and 1987 to filter the CJD agent out of the pituitary hormones being injected into unsuspecting short-statured children and infertile women were left to one of this era's rare visionaries, British scrapie expert Alan Dickinson. At about the same time, a British Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution in 1979 raised the possibility that the unregulated cycling of protein-rich sheep remains back into animal feed might spread scrapie to cattle, as it had done to farm mink in the US three decades beforehand, via the oral route.

1979 There was an explosion at a Soviet plant in Sverdlosk and an outbreak of anthrax followed. At the time, all accusations of BW research were vigorously denied by Soviet officials, with the explanation that anthrax outbreaks can occur naturally and that the explosion was merely a coincidence.

1979 June , a well-dressed, articulate stranger visited the office of the Elberton Granite Finishing Company and announced that he wanted to build an edifice to transmit a message to mankind. He identified himself as R. C. Christian, but it soon became apparent that was not his real name. He said that he represented a group of men who wanted to offer direction to humanity, but to date, almost two decades later, no one knows who R. C. Christian really was, or the names of those he represented. Several things are apparent. The messages engraved on the Georgia Guidestones deal with four major fields: (1) Governance and the establishment of a world government, (2) Population and reproduction control, (3) The environment and man's relationship to nature, and (4) Spirituality. In the public library in Elberton, I found a book written by the man who called himself R.C. Christian. I discovered that the monument he commissioned had been erected in recognition of Thomas Paine and the occult philosophy he espoused. Indeed, the Georgia Guidestones are used for occult ceremonies and mystic celebrations to this very day. Tragically, only one religious leader in the area had the courage to speak out against the American Stonehenge, and he has recently relocated his ministry. The Georgia Guidestones

1981 Aspartame was invented by the G D Searle Co. acquired by Monsanto in 1985. For 16 years FDA refused to approve it until 1981 when Commissioner Arthur Hayes overruled the objections of a Public Board of Inquiry and the protests of the American Soft Drink Association and blessed it. The tests submitted by Searle were so bad the Department of Justice, initiated prosecution of Searle for fraud. Then the defense lawyers hired the prosecutors, Sam Skinner and Wm. Conlon, and the case expired when the statute of limitations ran out. Aspartame/Nutrasweet, a toxin that blinds, drops intelligence, eradicates memory, grows brain tumors and other cancers, brings fatigue. Depression, ADD, panic, rage, paranoia, diabetes, seizures, suicide and death. This toxin is supported by unlimited advertising and the manufacturers pay off the American Diatetics Association, the American Diabetics Association, the AMA, and whomever else, to convince us its safe as rain. These lies are backed by a Federal Bureaucracy knowing it may kill your child, but the bureaucrat who approved the poison got a fat job as have many of his successors. Suppose this government watchdog, ignoring thousands of consumer complaints, has become an Attack Dog protecting corporate corruption. This is the bitter reality of Aspartame/Nutrasweet, Monsanto, the FDA, Coca Cola, Pepsi, and the hundreds of food, drink and drug makers who add to their products a known poison Conceived in Fraud and Dedicated to the Proposition that Profit is all that Matters! (They're Poisoning Our Kids - Aspartame Warning The Facts From Betty Martin Mission-Possible-USA@altavista.net

Dr Miguel A. Baret of the Dominican Republic removed milk from 360 children's diets, because cow's milk has a specific protein that can cause diabetes, especially in children. They drank juice laced with aspartame instead and many developed "abnormal restlessness, lack of concentration, irritability and depression." When Dr Baret removed it: "The results were astonishing. Their symptoms disappeared in 4-6 days in ALL of them!" Thank you, Dr Baret, for this study showing what aspartame does to the brains of our kids!

1984, July 4. The first detailed charges regarding AIDS as a BW weapon were published in the Patriot newspaper in New Delhi, India. It is hard to say where the investigations of this story in the Indian press might have led, if they had not been sidetracked by two major domestic disasters shortly thereafter: the assassination of Indira Gandhi on Oct. 31 and the Bhopal Union Carbide plant "accident" that killed several thousand and injured over 200,000 on Dec. 3.

1985 The first of the fatal legacies of this form of medical madness emerged with four cases of CJD in human pituitary growth hormone-treated children.

1986 According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all structural elements, except for a small segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to produce a new retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists.

1987 Dr Louis Elsas, Professor of Pediatrics & Genetics at Emory University, testified before Congress; "Aspartame is in fact a well known neurotoxin and teratogen [triggers birth defects] which in some undefined dose will irreversibly in the developing child or fetal brain, produce adverse effects I am particularly angry at this type of advertising that is promoting the sale of a neurotoxin in the childhood age group." [Nov 2, 1987]

Neurosurgeon Russell Blaylock, MD, declares Aspartame is a toxin like arsenic and cyanide that causes confusion, disorientation, seizures, cancer, pancreatic, uterine, ovarian and brain tumors and leads to Alzheimer's. Read Excitotoxins, the Taste That Kills [505-474-0303]. Hear Dr. Blaylock's radio interview on www.dorway.com' Courageous whistleblowers like these have spoken in three congressional hearings, but industry's lobbying and political action keep the poison in the foods of the world. Our recourse as consumers is personal communication since the media is paid by advertising to push Nutrasweet/Equal/Diet Coke, etc..

1987 Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning research and development of biological agents, it continues to operate research facilities at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.

1989 During which time the number of French children at risk of growth-hormone-related CJD had practically doubled, the first French children fulfilled that tragic legacy. In 1993, those responsible for this travesty were threatened with manslaughter charges. By 1997, France had half of the world's 100-plus cases of pituitary hormone-related CJD.

1990 More than 1500 six-month old black and Hispanic babies in Los Angeles are given an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in the United States. CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the vaccine being injected to their children was experimental.

1991 Although the general elitism of human-pituitary programs restricted this brand of medical madness to North America, Europe and Australasian, Third World children and women did not altogether escape the insanity of applying Frankenstein medicine to social conditions. A medical report in 1991 linked the CJD death of a young Brazilian man, like those of five youthful New Zealand men and women, with a childhood treatment involving pituitary growth hormone obtained from the US. Unfortunately, the fate of women in Mexico City whose breasts were injected with US pituitary hormones in an appalling experiment to increase the volume of milk in lactating mothers (some already pregnant again) will probably never be known.

1992 It was discovered the federal violence initiative--the federal government's agency-wide plan to go into America's inner cities to experiment on children in the hope of finding genetic and biological causes for violence. We opposed this program as racist and abusive of children. Our efforts led to the cancellation of this program. It also led the chief sponsor of the program, psychiatrist Frederick Goodwin, to resign from his post as director of NIMH and to leave a career in the government. The fenfluramine studies at Columbia and Queens College are part of the violence initiative. They were created under its umbrella before it was cancelled. They confirm our fears that while the public aspects of the violence initiative were withdrawn, the actual individual projects continue unabated.

1992 Boris Yeltsin confirmed that anthrax was being researched at Sverdlosk and vowed to stop all "Soviet" BW research. Unfortunately, defectors have contradicted Yeltsin and there are rumors that although the 'official government' statement and ideal may be an elimination of biological weapons, the military is still actively pursuing a BW program on its own.

1993 The FDA approved aspartame as an ingredient in numerous food items that would always be heated to above 86°degrees F (30°Degrees C). An act that can only be described as "unconscionable"

1994 One has only to learn what really happened to the Christians in Rwanda between April and July of 1994 to imagine what may lie in store for Christians here in America at some time in the not-too-distant future. After the Christian Tutsis had been disarmed by governmental decree in the early 1990s, Hutu-led military forces began to systematically massacre the defenseless Christians. The massacre began in April 1994 and continued until July 1994. Using machetes rather than bullets, the Hutu forces were able to create a state of abject fear and terror within the helpless Christian population as they systematically butchered hundreds of thousands of them. The United Nations immediately convened hearings on the genocide taking place in Rwanda, but Madeline Albright, the American Ambassador to the United Nations, argued strenuously that neighboring African nations should not be allowed to intervene until the "civil war had come to an end." In reality, of course, there was no civil war since those being slaughtered had no weapons with which to defend themselves; it was simply a matter of mass murder. In addition to blocking intervention by neighboring nations, Madeline Albright also insisted that the word "genocide" must not be used, and that the United Nations forces stationed in Rwanda were not to be allowed to intervene. In the three months that followed, between one-half and three-quarters of a million Christians were systematically dismembered, hacked to death, and slaughtered in the bloody carnage that ensued. Tens of thousands of Christians were murdered in their churches; tens of thousands more were murdered in their hospitals and in their schools. On several occasions, United Nations soldiers stationed in Rwanda actually handed over helpless Christians under their protection to members of the Hutu militia. They then stood by as their screaming charges were unceremoniously hacked to pieces. At the end of the carnage, in late July 1994, the American government rewarded the Hutu murderers with millions of dollars in foreign aid. Strangely, the American press has remained silent Subversion Of The Free Press By The CIA about the fact that almost all of those who were slaughtered were Christians, and it was the policies of our government that were primarily responsible for blocking efforts by neighboring African countries to intervene. The Population Control Agenda

1994 With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth Nicolson at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been man-made.

1995 Dr Phyllis Mullenix, former head of toxicology at Forsyth Dental Center in Boston and now a critic of fluoridation. Animal studies which Mullenix and co-workers conducted at Forsyth in the early 1990s indicated that fluoride was a powerful central nervous system (CNS) toxin and might adversely affect human brain functioning even at low doses. (New epidemiological evidence from China adds support, showing a correlation between low-dose fluoride exposure and diminished IQ in children.) Mullenix's results were published in 1995 in a reputable peer-reviewed scientific journal.

1995 The University of Rochester's classified fluoride studies, code-named "Program F", were started during the war and continued up until the early 1950s. They were conducted at its Atomic Energy Project (AEP), a top-secret facility funded by the AEC and housed at Strong Memorial Hospital. It was there that one of the most notorious human radiation experiments of the Cold War took place, in which unsuspecting hospital patients were injected with toxic doses of radioactive plutonium. Revelation of this experiment-in a Pulitzer Prize&endash;winning account by Eileen Welsome-led to a 1995 US presidential investigation and a multimillion-dollar cash settlement for victims.

1995 U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals and scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries and immunity from prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare research.

1995 Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.

1996, 27 June without public notice, the FDA removed all restrictions from aspartame allowing it to be used in everything, including all heated and baked goods. The truth about aspartame's toxicity is far different than what the NutraSweet Company would have you readers believe.

1996 A new scientific paper dealing with a meta-analysis of 23 different scientific studies on the relationship between first-trimester abortions and breast cancer was published in a British medical journal. That study clearly demonstrated a higher incidence of breast cancer in women who had had first-trimester abortions. In response to that publication, the American Medical Association (AMA), the American Cancer Society (ACS), and pro-abortion/population-control advocates joined together in an unholy alliance to attack the conclusions of the authors, and to block all efforts to disseminate that information to American physicians. The Population Control Agenda

1997 October. Speaking from Washington, DC, Nobel Prize winner for discovering the role of molecules known as "prions" in the invariably fatal brain illnesses such as "mad cow disease" or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, Dr Stanley Prusiner from the University of California predicted that the first drug therapy, which would not necessarily be a cure for BSE or CJD, was at least five years away. At the same time, on the opposite side of the Atlantic, the post-mortem of Chris Warne, a 36-year-old fitness fanatic from Derbyshire, England, revealed that he was the 21st victim of the new variant of CJD which had spread from BSE-infected cattle to humans via the food chain. Only 18 months earlier, a British House of Commons admission that BSE-infected meat had probably caused the CJD deaths of 10 youthful Britons left the British meat industry in tatters. Since then, the history of BSE has gradually unfolded to reveal a brain-dead imperialism, one which, while blinded by its own arrogant greed to inflate market profits, has treated public and, indeed, world health with gay abandon. Formerly a rare disease which affected less than one per million in most countries, one worst-case scenario predicts that BSE-infected meat will push the incidence of CJD in humans to claim 10,000 British lives by the year 2000, and a further 10 million by the year 2010. Another predicts that half the British people, some 30 million, will be left brain-dead by CJD. As Chris Warne's mother commented, her son was a health-conscious sportsman, but "after winning medals in March, by July he couldn't stand on his feet, and by October he was gone". Volume 5, #1

Researchers at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (or USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick in Frederick MD have reconstructed and modified the H1N1 Spanish Flu virus, making it far more deadly than it ever was back when it was responsible for the 1918-1919 flu pandemic that killed over 20 million worldwide and over 500,000 here in the US.

FRANCE is facing a new health scandal following allegations that the prestigious Pasteur Institute willfully ignored warnings that up to 600 children were being injected with cancerous hormones.
The disclosures that children may have been put at risk emerged during a new investigation into the link between the growth hormones and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), which caused A major scandal when acknowledged in the Nineties . So far, 74 children have died of CJD after being treated with growth hormones extracted from the bodies of victims of neurological illnesses in the Eighties.

That scandal and the contaminated blood affair in which 4,000 people were infected with HIV through unscreened blood transfusions - despite the availability of an American test for the virus - have contributed to France's acute sensitivity on health issues. When the contaminated blood affair came to trial in 1998 , it was alleged that authorization for the American test was withheld to give the institute time to develop a rival French test.

The latest claims suggest that in 1985 the institute sold a batch of growth hormone to French hospitals without waiting for safety checks which showed the batch to have cancer marker cells at five times the permitted limit for use. The institute is further alleged to have made no efforts to withdraw the batch once it was aware of the risk.

The above work was researched from the following resources. History of Biological Warfare * References

Chemtrail Lab Analysis -Virulent Bio-Toxin Soup *Eugenics * www.holisticmed.com/aspartame * www.nexusmagazine.com * The Population Control Agenda * www.dorway.com/ Get links to over 200 sites on aspartame * US Government Experiments On Children During The Cold War * The Drugging of Kids and Garbage Science in America * Eugenics * http://www.healthnewsnet.com/humanexperiments.html * Secret Military Biological Experiments On US Citizens Was Legal The Malthusian Premise cobden_club.htm W. H .O. Murdered Africa


Other articles by Robert Howard

United States Presidents and the Masonic Power Structure

11, 13 and 33: The Illuminati / Freemason Signature

George Bush Jr. And the Number 13

Secrets of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society aka Jehovah's Witnesses

Destruction of the Trade Centers: Occult Symbolism Indicates Enemies Within Our Own Government